176 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. i 
feet apart in order to allow a team in for manuring, etc. Holes 
should be made wide enough to allow a fan-shaped arrangement of 
the roots and having a bottom sloping at anangle of forty-five de- 
grees, and deep enough to have the roots straight. Never allow a 
hole to stand after being dug, but have a man dig each hole while 
you plant the preceding, and if the planting is properly done he 
will have ample time to come back and fill the planted hole. After 
arranging the roots and filling in carefully with moist, rich soil, 
tramp thoroughly with both feet when the hole is about two-thirds 
full and fill with loose soil. Vines that must be laid down for win- 
ter protection I plant with roots all to one end of stalk and all at 
forty-five degrees, only removing any bruised or lacerated roots and 
shortening to a reasonable length. 
PLANTING AND CULTIVATING RED RASPBERRIES. 
L. P. LORD, OWATONNA. 
The ground upon which red raspberry plants are to be planted 
should be thoroughly manured, plowed and harrowed as the firstand 
very essential step. Theearth will then be very mellowand will sift 
around the roots of the plants and start them growing at once. The 
earth should also be moist; therefore, just after or during a rain is 
a good time to plant red raspberries. If the earth is very dry,a 
little water in each hill will greatly help the growth of plants. I 
remember that when I planted my fruit farm it rained part of the 
time, but we worked right through it. If the plants do not grow 
soon after setting them out, they are more likely to die than to live. 
If any quack grass or other disagreeable weed is found on the 
ground to be planted, dig it out as much as possible and carry it off 
before planting, for it is much harder to get it out from among the 
plants. Also, remove large stones which will interfere with culti- 
vating if left between the rows. 
The quickest and most economical way to dig the holes for plants 
is to mark the field with a three or four foot marker, according to 
the distance you wish to have between the plants, and with a plow 
make furrows about six inches deep at right angles to the marks 
and as far apart as you wish the rowsto be. Plant with the marks, 
and at their intersection with the furrows, firming the earth around 
them and being careful not to break off the fine rootlets. 
Plant one year old plants and have them as strong rooted as 
possible: by strong rooted, I mean that each stalk should have two 
or three large roots and many rootlets. Insist on getting such 
plants from the man you buy of, and you can well afford to pay more 
for them than for little rootless sticks, for such is what many deal- 
ers send out. Plant as quickly a possible after the plants are taken 
up from the ground. People sometimes think they must send far 
away to get good plants. Thisisa great mistake, for the length of 
time plants are outof the ground indicates somewhat their growing 
power, and the shorter the time, the greater is the ability of a 
plant to adapt itself to its new home. 
