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4 
SPRAYING FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS 
AND FUNGOUS GROWTH. 
REVISED BY PROF. S. 3. GREEN, MINN. STATE EXPERIMENT STATION. 
PUMPS AND NOZZLES. 
There has been considerable improvement made in the pumps and 
nozzles put upon the market in the past year,and many new pumps 
have been offered. Whatever the kind of pump purchased, it is 
important that it be used carefully, that the spraying material, if 
containing coarse particles, be carefully strained before use, that all 
parts be kept well oiled and after using that the pump be cleaned 
by pumping sufficient clear water through it to clear it of corrod- 
ing materials. 
Good judgment and considerable mechanical skill must be exer- 
cised to get the best results with any complicated machine, and only 
those persons possessing these qualifications should be allowed to 
use the pumps, 
KEROSENE EMULSION. 
Formula. 1441b. common bar soap, 
2 gallons common kerosene. 
Cut the soap into small pieces or shavings and dissolve in about 
two gallons of hot water. While still hot, pour in the kerosene and 
with the hand pump or syringe pump it back and forth until a thick 
butter-like substance is formed. In this condition the kerosene is 
divided into very minute globules and will be readily diluted or 
suspended in water. 
Before using, add water enough to make 
(A) 10 gallons of emulsion 
or (B) 20 “ “ ce 
(A) is to be used when the insects are in large numbers and the 
foliage is known not to be easily injured by it. 
Pyrethrum Powder and Hellebore should be obtained in a per- 
fectly fresh condition and be kept in glass stoppered jars. 
Tobacco smoke to kill plant lice is much better than kerosene 
emulsion, as it is more effective, and there is no danger of 
injuring the tree. The outfit needed is fully ‘described on pages 47 
and 48 of the February Horticulturist, 1898. 
