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198 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. = 
INSECTICIDES. 
While there are many new insecticides offered, there is so little 
exact knowledge of their effect upon farm and garden crops that 
until further trial is made we can only recommend for general use 
Paris green and hellebore for chewing insects and kerosene emul- 
sion for sucking insects, with pyrethrum,or insect powder, in a very 
few cases. 
FUNGICIDES. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 
Formula. 51bs. Copper Sulphate, (Blue Vitriol). 
5 lbs. Caustic Lime, (Unslaked Lime). 
50 gallons water. 
The process of making Bordeaux mixture has been improved very 
much during recent years. 
Dissolve the copper sulphate in hot or cold water, always using 
either an earthernware or wooden vessel. Slake the lime carefully,so 
that it does not burn nor yet have too much water. When ready for 
use, dilute each ingredient and pour them into one barrel, It is 
best to pour the lime and the copper sulphate in at the same time, 
for the mixture will be better. 
A satisfactory test as to whether there is sufficient lime to neutra- 
lize the copper sulphate isto dipup a saucerful of the mixture and 
blow into it. If there is enough lime,there will be formed a thin 
pellicle on the surface. 
Should the lime be air slaked at all, more than five pounds may be 
needed, as it will have lost much of its strength. 
This fungicide is recommended as more satisfactory than any 
other, from the fact that it adheres a long time to the branches, 
buds and leaves and seldom causes any injury to the foliage. 
It has been found more effectual if made up fresh for each appli- 
cation. Two or three thorough applications give better results than 
many light ones. 
When both fungous growth and insects attack a crop, Paris green 
should be applied with the Bordeaux, as in a combined state both 
are as effective as if used singly, one-half the labor is saved, and 
there is less danger from injury to the foliage by the Paris green 
than if used alone. 
DILUTE COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTION. 
After the fruit has nearly matured it is often disfigured by the 
adhesion of the Bordeaux mixture, and in place of the ammoniacal 
carbonate of copper recommended, we would advise the use of cop- 
per sulphate,2 oz. to 50 gallons of water. The foliage of many plants 
will stand a much stronger solution, but this is as concentrated as 
can be generally used. 
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