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298 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The President: Mr. Lyons said while it would do not to covér 
them, he thought it was better to cover them. 
Mr. T.T.Smith: The difference between the methods of field cul- 
ture and garden culture probably makes it necessary to cover some 
in the winter. Those planted in the garden were planted probably 
three feet apart each way, and the bushes caught snow enough to 
protect them. It would not do it if they were planted six feet apart. 
Mr. Kimball: In reference to this point of covering, I read in the 
Iowa horticultural reports of a man who had covered part of his 
plantation, several acres, and left several acres uncovered; they were 
varieties such as we raise right here, and that is two or three hun- 
dred miles further south. He stated that he kept an accurate ac- 
count of the cost of covering and of the receipts from those covered 
and not covered, and while it cost him $15 per acre to cover them, 
they earned him $45 more than those not covered, showing a profit 
of $30 per acre, which I think plainly demonstrates that it pays to 
cover. 
Mrs. Stager: Is it absolutely necessary to cover the whole rasp- 
berry bush from the root up? I generally cover the tops only, and 
they do well that way. 
The President: Does the snow cover them? 
Mrs. Stager: Most generally it does. I have good crops. 
Mr. Lord: A large grower in our county has been in the habit of 
cutting them out and trimming them out as much as he would in 
the spring, then bending them over and putting stakes over and 
plowing them under. He has missed whole crops for the last four 
or five years by this process, while those he has left undisturbed 
were all right; so he has quit that kind of work. 
Mrs. Kennedy: We have three-fourths of an acre of raspberries; 
we sold three hundred crates, and we have from five to fifteen pick- 
ers, and we never cover our vines. If they can do any better by be- 
ing covered I would like to know it, and I will cover them. 
Mr. Murray: My experience has been that the Turner will go 
through almost any winter without being covered, but my exper- 
ience also has been that where they are not covered the snow piles 
up so deep as to completely cover them. Mine have been so deep 
under snow that there was no need of covering them. If the snow 
accumulates and gets hard and then settles, it comes right down on 
the bushes and smashes them to pieces. I have covered some of 
mine to keep the snow from ruining the bushes, if for nothing else. 
Mr. Wright: I would like to ask Mrs. Kennedy where her place is 
located, and if she has the success she speaks of every year. Some 
years vary in regard to fruit standing over winter unprotected. 
Mrs. Kennedy: My place is five miles north of Hutchinson. Our 
raspberries, as a rule, do well every year. 
Mr. Wright: I have lost several crops on account of not covering 
but bending over, and two years ago my Cuthberts which were not 
covered killed down to the ground entirely, while those that were 
covered did nicely. 
Mr. T. T. Smith: Do you cover them up entirely? 
