THE RED RASPBERRY IN MINNESOTA. 299 
Mr. Wright: Icover the Cuthbert and Marlborough up entirely; 
I do not half cover them, but bury them completely out of sight. 
Mrs. Kennedy: We live in the timber, and we have timber protec- 
tion on the north, but we have no protection on the west and south; 
there is timber on the east and north. We have the Turner, the 
Marlborough and the Miller. 
The President: How many years have you been raising raspber- 
ries? 
Mrs. Kennedy: About twelve years. 
Mr. Lord: I want to make one point in regard to covering in the 
winter. I have covered only one winter for twenty years. A few 
years ago I had two rows twenty-seven rods loug which I covered, 
and they were subjected to exactly the sameconditions. The first 
half of one row was heavily manured, and the other end was not; 
but the first half killed out entirely. 
Mr. T.T. Smith: I would like to askin regard to mulching rasp- 
berries. Whatis the practice, and what is the result of mulching, 
and what is best to mulch with, clover or barnyard manure? 
Mr. Wright: Icultivate my raspberries and mulch my blackber- 
ries with marsh hay, and I have my hay on hand nowto mulch 
another year. I believe marsh hay is the best mulch we can get. 
Mr. Lyons: Ihave mulched some with wheat straw and found it 
very beneficial on small patches, but where there are ten to fifteen 
acres of fruit I find it best to cultivate. 
Mr.C. L.Smith: Near our cities where straw is worth from ten to 
fifteen dollars per ton it would not pay, and it has occurred to me 
that a man could use clover hay and grow it himself, 
The President: Ill tell you what you can mulch with cheaper 
and that is dust. 
Mr. Lyons: That will do very well in a dry season, but where you 
mulch with hay, straw or clover it prevents the berries from getting 
dirty and gritty. 
The President: What does clover cost to grow? 
Mr. Lyons: You can grow three tons of clover to the acre, and you 
can use an acre of clover to mulchtwo acres of raspberries or black- 
berries. You can raise three hundred dollars worth of fruit from 
an acre, and it might pay to mulch with clover. 
The President: If you get three hundred dollars an acre from 
your raspberries, how can you afford to grow clover on any of your 
land? 
Mr. T.T.Smith: Ihave over one hundred acres,and I have got 
but one or two in raspberries. I could take one or two acres or five 
acres and grow clover cheaper than I could import my mulch and 
run the risk of bringing in thistles and wild mustard. 
Mr. Allyn: My brother-in-law mulched one year, and before he 
got through with it his patch was all covered with wild morning 
glory vines; they grew better than the raspberries. 
The President: In mulching you are very apt to get the ground 
foul. The expense of keeping the wild morning glories and quack 
grass out is too much, and it is cheaper and better if you have to 
depend on hired work to have the ground thoroughly cultivated. 
