Keys 
THE FARMERS’ FRUIT AND HOW TO GROw IT. 415 
Next on the list comes grapes, one of the most delicious of fruits 
and with a little care easily raised. To insure the life of the vines 
and good fruitage they should be laid down every fall—a small job 
when once taken hold of. They should in the fall be trimmed to one 
main stalk and small side branches left long enough to take two or 
three buds. The vines should be set about eight feet apart in the 
row and the rows six to eight feet apart. 
The first year set cut backin fall, leaving only one or two buds, 
and cover with a good mound of earth, and this mound with a good 
amount of mulch; in after years the earth will be sufficient. Thesec- 
ond year allow but one strong cane to grow, and in the fall trim 
ready to lay down, and if you have them in quantity and in rows as 
suggested run a plow as near as you Can, throwing the furrow away, 
then laying your vines in the furrow, plow another furrow throwing 
the dirt on the vines and finish any uncovered portions with the 
shovel. In this way vines can be covered ata cost not exceeding 
one to two cents per vine. In the spring leave them as long as is 
safe or until you find the buds are getting well started, as the later 
you can keep them covered the less danger from late spring 
frosts. 
The Concord is, perhaps, all things considered, one of the safest 
to plant and a good bearer—however, to insure a crop in all seasons 
I would more especially recommend Worden and Moore’s Early for 
blacks, and probably Moore’s Diamond is among the best of the 
whites. All three of these are considerably earlier than the Con- 
cord, thus making surerofacrop. Among the white grapes I would 
like to commend the Niagara and Martha as excellent grapes and 
well worthy of a trial,and fora red do not neglect the Brighton and, 
probably, also, the Delaware. Green Mountain and Early Ohio are 
now well spoken of as fine and early grapes. These do not by any 
means comprise the list of good grapes, but is a sufficient list fora 
small garden. 
Soil of good clay loam strongly slanting to the south is a favora- 
ble location. They need sun and when once bearing will stand a 
a good amount of fertilizing. Let me suggest that you set your 
vines north and south, and in planting dig the holes deep and set 
the roots on a slant towards the north; then the lower end of the 
roots will be covered much deeper and, I think, the vine can be laid 
down more readily. 
Now we come to the king of all fruit, the apple, rightly so consid. 
ered because of its varied season, eating and keeping qualities 
Among them can be be found sweet and sour and all grades and 
combinations between. Unfortunately for us, few varieties of late 
keeping apples are as yet safe to plantin this latitude, and few va- 
rieties can be recommended of the newer sorts that are coming 
into notice. For early I would recommend setting a few each of 
Yellow Sweet, Summer Lowland and Lubsk Queen. These are all 
early and come and go before the Duchess, which is our standard 
fall apple,ripens. The Duchess you can plant freely, as itis probably 
as safe a tree to plant as any we haveon ourlist. I would alsoplant 
the Minnesota crab, but would say that itis not deemed as hardy 
