alendar for ovemnber. 
PROF. S. B. GREEN. 
In this section, November is the month in which we should expect 
but little opportunity to work the soil, since often the ground freezes 
in the early part of the month. Not infrequently, however, we get 
from ten days to two weeks in which we can finish our fall plowing 
and get aconsiderable amount of work done with the soil which 
would otherwise haveto wait until spring. I think it very desirable 
to do in the autumn everything that can be done that will make our 
spring wotk easier, since at this season of the year we are more 
liable to have a little extra time. 
The work of giving winter protection to our small fruit, roses, 
trees, etc., should be finished up as soon as possible. If there is 
plenty of mulch to be had, it is very desirable to put a covering of it 
over the raspberries and grapes and our herbaceous stuff which have 
been protected with soil for the winter. This is not so important in 
the eastern as in the western part of the state, where the snow is 
liable to blow off and the ground remain bare over winter. 
The beds of tulips and herbaceous plants should have a good 
covering of mulch wherever they are planted, and they will well 
repay it by their increased vigor in the spring. The strawberries 
should be mulched as soon as the work can be attended to. I think 
it very desirable to do this before we have had severe frosts which 
kill the foliage. 
During the bright days of this month, spring work may be helped 
along by pruning out the weak and diseased wood in currants and 
gooseberries, and some of our hardy trees, such as the willow and 
cottonwood, may receive very much needed pruning without in-. 
jury, bnt most of the pruning is best done during mild days the 
latter part of winter or very early in the spring. 
The hotbed frames for use next spring should be supplied with 
good earth and covered with a foot or more of leaves to keep out 
the frost during the winter, that they may be in shape for quick 
work when the time comes to use them in the spring. 
Parsnips and salsify are generally the last vegetables to be left out 
in the autumn, and, asa rule, I think it better to dig them and carry 
them over winter in piles on the ground than itis to trust to their 
going through all right in the rows, for when left in the rows they 
sometimes get a little discolored or even somewhat rotten at the 
crown. ; 
Scions for root-grafting in the winter should be cut now and 
stored in sawdust in a cold cellar. Apple roots should be treated 
