472 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
BLIGHT ON THE APPLE AND PEAR. 
Until 1880 nothing was definitely known regarding the nature of 
this malady. In that year Prof. Burrill, of Illinois, published the ~ 
first authoritative account of the bacterial, or “germ,” origin ofthis 
disease. Prof. Burrill’s investigations were afterwards abundantly 
corroborated by the caretul work of Prof. Arthnr, at the New York . 
Experiment Station. The disease is known to be caused by a 
bacteria now recognized in science by the name of Micrococcus 
amylovorus. Prof. Arthur proved the contagious character of the 
disease, and also its bacterial nature, by demonstrating that it could 
only be transmitted artificially by using the juices of branches 
which contained the characteristic bacteria. This disease finds 
the most congenial conditions for rapid developmentin fast growing 
varieties having an abundance of succulent tissue. It usually 
obtains anentrance by way of the youngest leaves or through the 
blossoms. At this time, too, wood is in an immature condition. The 
bacteria causing the disease may remain alive in dead branches on 
the tree, and also in those which have been removed, and in this 
way communicate the disease to healthy trees. 
REMEDIES: 
No directly effective remedy is known at the presenttime. The 
following of a preventive character should be applied:— 
1. Prune off and burn all blighted branches as soon as noticed, 
cutting 14 or15 inches below the diseased wood, as shown by the 
blackened and shivelled bark, painting the cut surface with linseed 
oil. 
2. Follow such a system of culture as will tend to produce a 
moderate growth cf well ripened wood. 
3. If an orchard which has been cultivated previous to the attack 
is seriously affected, try seeding to clover for about a year; this, 
coupled with a liberal top dressing of wood ashes, may tend to 
lessen liability to the disease. In a case of this kind avoid using 
barnyard manure. 
4. Grow, as far as possible, the varieties which in that particular 
locality have shown greatest immunity from the disease. 
5. Transcendent and Siberian crabs often act as breeding places 
for the disease.—Canadian Horticulturist. 
STORING VEGETABLES FOR WINTER.—Nearly all vegetables may be 
kept plump and fresh all winter if properly stored. Cellars are un- 
healthy places unless kept cleaned and well ventilated. A venti- 
lator should extend from the bottom of the cellar to the top of the 
house. It can be closed in very cold weather. Keep the cellar open 
as long as possible in the fall. Do not allow it to get to warm dur- 
ing the winter. Just above the freezing point is about right. Reg- 
ulate the heat by means of a thermometer. If the temperture should 
fall to or below freezing point, hang a large stable lantern from the 
ceiling or a large lamp may give off enough heat to keep the temp- 
erture right. 
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