136 PROGRESS OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. 



siplional tubes of a clam (!), and call attention to his statement, that 

 because the setae are not foimd the entire length of the peduncle, 

 therefore they are by no means ' identical ' with those of the worms. 

 This will be a new idea to naturalists, that the confinement of appen- 

 dages to limited portions of the body forbids all homology with those 

 in which the appendages run the entire length. It indicates also that 

 Mr. Dall believes that all Chastopods have setae from head to tail. He 

 states as a grave objection that the Brachiopods are invariably attached 

 by muscles to a bivalve shell. In the same breath he should have 

 added that worms are also invariably attached to a bivalve or multi- 

 valve shell, whether it be the scuta of Sternaspis, the oval plates of 

 Lejndonotus, or the hardened integuments of others. He lays great 

 stress on the presence of bristles in Chiton, as if that group were the 

 very embodiment of the Molluscan type; but with the same impar- 

 tiality he neglects to mention its embryology, so remarkably articulate, 

 as shown by Loven, its dorsal vessel, the double and forward opening 

 of the oviducts, the anus terminal, and other features, so remarkably 

 articulate as to induce De Blainville to recognize their af6.nities with 

 the Annelids, to prompt Milne-Edwards to call them a Satellite 

 gi'oup, and to cause Je&ies to liken them, in their different stages, 

 to ' Isopods, tiny trilobites, Onisci and Aphrodita.' In mentioning 

 my anatomical drawing of various Brachiopods, he says, ' Some of 

 them taken from life ; ' he should have said, ' Most of them taken 

 from life.' In concluding his pajjcr, he refers to drawings in my 

 collection of a ' singular sipunculoid worm,' ' and appears from them 

 to have an anterior termination to the intestine, thus forming a notable 

 exception to the general rule among worms.' The drawing to which 

 he refers is the common sipunculoid worm of the coast. Phascolosoma, 

 Sipunculus, and its allies claim it as a right to have an anterior termi- 

 nation to the intestine, a fact known to everyone who ever made them 

 a study. Finally, in his comparisons, with the exception of Chiton, 

 he confines himself to and only points out a few of the many relation- 

 ships between the Brachiopods and Polyzoa and Timicates, admitted 

 by all. Now, since Leuckart, Gegenbaur, Haeckel, and other eminent 

 naturalists of Eiu'ope, have seen conclusive reasons to remove the 

 Polyzoa and Tunicates entirely from the MoUusca, and place them 

 among the Vermes, it seems that Mr. Dall's first task should be to 

 whip these back to the MoUusca before commencing vsdth the Bra- 

 chiopods." 



Linnceus, the Originator of the Hypothesis of the Derivation of Species. 

 — Ludwig von Hohenbiihel-Heufler contributes an article to the ' Bo- 

 tanische Zeitung ' for September 9, 1870, in which he claims for Lin- 

 naeus the origination of the theory of the derivation of species, founding 

 the claim upon the paragraphs which Linnaeus appended to the sixth 

 edition of his ' Genera Plantarum,' published in 1764, viz. : — 



1. " Creator T. 0. in primordio vestiit Vegetabile Medullare 



principiis constitutivis diversi Corticalis, undo tot diflformia 

 indi vidua, quot Or dines Naturales, prognata. 



2. " Classicas has (1) plantas Omnipoteus miscuit inter se, imde 



tot Genera ordinum, quot inde plantae. 



I 



