154 Transactions of the 



Including those already mentioned, the birds in which fungi 

 have been discovered are as follows : — 



European Eough-legged Buzzard, Archihuteo lagopus, Gmelin. 

 Red Buzzard, Butco rufus (Falco rufus)?* 

 Suowy Owl {Strix'), Nyctea nivea, Daud.t 

 The Jay, Corvus glandarius, Temm.J 

 Common Bullfinch, Pijrrhula vulgaris, Linn.§ 

 White-crested Cockatoo, Cacatua cristata, Liun. 



Parakeet, Gn., ep. ? 1| 



The Pigeon, Columba.\\ 



Domestic Fowl, GaUus.\\ 



Common Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus, Linn.^ 



Golden Plover, Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.** 



Ruddy Flamingo, Phcenkopterus ruber, Linn.ff 



Stork, Ciconia, sp. ? XX 



Common Swan, Anas olor, Gmeliii.§§ 



Eider Duck, Somateria (^Anas) mollisima, Linn.|l |1 



Kittiwake Gull, Rissa tridactyla, Linn. 



Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus, Linn. 



From the foregoing it results that seventeen kinds of birds are 

 liable to attacks of fungi, either the precursor and causing, or a 

 sequence of disease terminating fatally. Different avine groups are 

 each represented, Eaptores, Passeres, Scansores, Gallinacea, Gral- 

 latores, and Natatores, so that we may infer the entire class is pre- 

 disposed under given but as yet unknown conditions, 



I think it will hardly be advanced by anyone that these cases 

 support the idea of spontaneous derivation, seeing that spores might 

 be carried by the lungs close to the seat of their germination; 

 penetration of the tissue and development thereafter following in 

 quick succession. The route of entrance of the germs by the 

 respu'atory organs is more than a likely one; for, as Berkeley IfH 

 very justly says, " the spores of our common mould float about 

 everywhere ; and as they grow with great rapidity, they are able 

 to establish themselves on any surface where the secretion is not 

 sufficiently active or healthy to throw oflf the intruder. Where 

 the spores are very abundant, they may sometimes, like other 

 minute bodies, obstruct the minute cells of the lungs." 



The penetration of the spores through the pulmonary and 

 pleural tissues is a matter of less wonder,*** judging from what is 



* Ohf-crved by Herr Dubois, quoted by Johannes Miiller, infra, 

 t Miiller and Retzius, Mliller's ' Archiv,' 1842, p. 203, Taf. viii., ix. 

 X Mayer, in Meckel's ' Archiv,' 1815, p. 310. 

 § MM. Payer et Montague, ' Journal Institut.,' 1842, p. 270. 

 II E. Rousseau et Serrurier, ' Compte Rendu,' 1841, xii., p. 18. 

 t Robin, ' Soo. de Biolng.,' Juin 20, 1848, and ' Vc'g. Par.,' p. 258. 

 ** Spring, ' Bull. I'Aoad. Sci. Belg.,' 1848, t. xv., p. 480. 

 ft Owen, P.Z.S., 1832, p. 141. 



XX Heusinger, ' i3ericht v. d. Kong. Zoot. Anst. z. Wurzburg,' 1826, p. 26. 

 §§ Jaeger, Meckel's 'Archiv,' 1816, p. 354. 



nil E. Deslongchamps, 'Ann. des Sciences Nat.,' 1841, p. 371, pi. 11. 

 ^Tf ' Outlines of British Fuugology," p. 69. 



*** Vide Robin's rcmiiiks, f. c, "Penetration ilcs epures dans Ics cavities 

 closes," p. 283. 



