SJa''Marcu'i?i8TS'] ^oijol Mkroscopical Society. 145 



of the fossil, although he refers to the " curious resemblance that 

 it has to that of some Junr/ermannise preparing for fructification, 

 when highly magnified." Steinhauer includes under the same spe- 

 cific name a fragment of the stem of a Calamite exhibiting the large 

 round scars of several branches, with the small and linear scars of 

 the whorls of leaves. A similar fragment was afterwards figured 

 in Luidley and Hutton's 'Fossil Flora' (plate cxxx.) under the 

 name of Cijdodadia major. The scars of Calamites and Uloden- 

 clron, as I hope presently to show, were produced by similar causes ; 

 and it is a singular testimony to the accurate observation and en- 

 lightened views of the reverend author, which characterize his im- 

 portant memoir, that he united two objects that are apparently so 

 difierent. 



Ehode, in 1820, published, in his incomplete ' Beitrage zur 

 Pflanzenkunde der Vorwelt' (plates iii. and vii.), figures of two 

 forms of Ulodendron, and though he did not apply names to them, 

 he entered into a long investigation as to the nature of their scars. 

 In one species ( Ulodendron parmatum) he held them to be the 

 remains of flowers ; and in a somewhat restored drawing, twice the 

 natural size, of one of these scars, he gives it the aspect of small- 

 petaled, oval, water-hly. This is perhaps not to be wondered at 

 in an author who found the coal shales covered with impressions 

 of the most highly organized flowers, preserved as if they had been 

 laid out by a palaeozoic botanist for his herbarium. His plates 

 are greater curiosities than his specimens, and do no little credit 

 to the hvehness of his imagination. The scars of his second species 

 ( JJ. minus, plate viii., figs. 1-3), inasmuch as they did not present 

 any traces of petals, he held to be the cicatrices of fallen leaves. 



In 1823 AUan published* a figure of U. parmatus, from a 

 finely-preserved cast found at Craigleith Quarry, near Edinburgh. 

 The same specimen was subsequently figured by Buckland and by 

 Brongniart, and I give on Plate XLIV., Fig. 4, a careful drawing 

 of one of the scars. He did not venture on any decided opinion as 

 to the nature of the scar. 



Sternberg, in 1825, in the ' Tentamen Florse Primordialis,' 

 prefixed to his great ' Flora der Vorwelt,' gave the name of Lepido- 

 dendt'on ornatissimum to the first of Ehode's species, and, sup- 

 posing that the scars resembled in some degree those on the trunk 

 of arborescent ferns, he considered them to be the bases of leaves. 



In 1831 Lindley and Hutton began the publication of their 

 famous ' Fossil Flora,' and two of the early plates were dedicated 

 to two specimens of Ulodendron — viz., plate v., U. majus, and 

 plate vi., Z7. minus. They held that the scars indicated points 

 from which had fallen off branches, or more probably masses, of 

 inflorescence, consisting of closely imbricated scales like the cone of 



* 'Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin.,' vol. ix., p. 235, plate xiv. 

 VOL. III. L 



