125 



meeting-, appointed a committee to urge the State legislature to devise 

 measures for tlie extermination of the disease, "wliieii had a foot-hold in 

 that "\iciuity. In the northern part of the county three cows and a bull 

 in a herd of twelve were attiicked in September, and died. No cattle 

 had been introduced into the herd for a year previous. Two other herds 

 in the same locality were attacked in December and suiiered till March, 

 with a loss of eight head. One calf died at six weeks old, aUbough the 

 mother shoAved no signs of the disease. Kot a single animal recovered 

 which showed positive symptoms of the disease. On fifteen farms in 

 Camden the aggregate loss from this disease is placed at one hundred 

 and twenty head. 



Pleurc-pneumonia has prevailed to considerable extent in Baltimore 

 County, Maryland, principally in the vicinity of Baltimore City, the 

 heaviest losses generally occurring where the co\ta were kept in close, 

 filthy stables. Experience has shown that cleanliness and thorough 

 ventilation ha^'e great effect in checking the disease. There are still 

 some cases, and it is proposed, if it does not soon abate, to try inocula- 

 tion, which is claimed to be safe and reliable. 



Pleuro-pneumonia has also prevailed to some extent on several farms 

 near Chadd's Ford, Pennsylvania, with a few isolated cases in other 

 parts of the county. 



Epizootic aptii^. — '^ The foot autl mouth diseaao," recently intro- 

 duced from Europe, is not reported as prevailing at any point at the 

 present time. In the early part of 1871 it still lingered at several points 

 in New England, as in the vicinity of Providence, Rhode Island, and in 

 Litchfield, Connecticut. The infection came to the latter point from 

 Albany, but animals'iufected were kept isolated and the disease spread 

 very little. 



■ Abortion has not been so prevalent as to be especially referred to, 

 except in Oneida County, New York, where 5 per cent, of the calves 

 Avere lost, occurring mostly where the cows were weakeiied by being 

 milked late in the winter; in Otsego, where a few cases occurred ; in 

 Chenango, many cases, the loss to the farmer in each being from $15 to 

 $25 ; in Litchfield, Connecticut ; in Essex and Sussex, New Jersey. 



In Mercer, Pennsylvania, a fever and inflammation of the womb has 

 prevailed among cows soon after calving, which has generally proved 

 fatal unless prompt attention is given. 



"Black leg-" is reported in many places in dilferent sections of the 

 country. No remedy is reported as efticient. 



In Coryell, Texas, many deaths of cattle Avere caused by the '• heel- 

 fly," which resembles the bot-fly, and is a great annoyance, driving the 

 cattle into the AA'ater and into thickets Avhere they cannot graze. It ap- 

 peared about January 1. 



Various diseases. — Our corrrespondeut in Kent, Michigan, thus 

 describes a prevalent disease : 



A cattle disease comraeiiced last fall east of louia, csteiidiug ou the north of Graud 

 Eiver, westward to Plainlield, aud tbenco south over a belt of country. It attacked 

 cattle of all ages aud conditions, but especially youug cows. It aii'ected the fourtii 

 stomach, duodenum, liver, gall, bladder, aud circulating system. Tlie pathology of 

 the disease showed, upon dissectiou, a putrediuous formatiou, and a discharge of bile 

 into the duodenum from tho pale ash-colorcd, macerated liver. The j^redisposing 

 causes of the disease are various. The diseased bile from tho liver is evidently tho 

 reason of tho putrid couteuts of the duodenum, but whetlier this springs from smut 

 in corn is another question. A cow which sickened and died within .an hour had been 

 fed daily for two years with a pailful of Idtchen swill and two pailfuls of bran, witli 

 such coarse food as she could pick up from various dung-hills. The course of the 

 disca -,8 is rapid, generally from half an hour to two hours. The animals are uneasy, 

 stepping about, striking their hind legs against the abdomen, lying uneasily upon the 



