312 



Kind of plant. 



Kye.... 

 Barley . 

 Oats... 



Wheat 



Ked clover 



Lucem 



Esparcette... 

 Wund clover 

 Serradella ... 

 Buckwheat . . 



Peas 



Lupine 



Hap© 



Organic matter. 



6S. 70 

 80.92 

 61.78 

 G8. 68 

 78.48 

 87.60 

 82.74 

 80. .50 

 82. .54 

 78. 82 

 79.17 

 84.45 

 86.00 



5g 



2, 074 

 924 

 1,339 

 1,369 

 4,015 

 4, 856 

 2,814 

 2, 311 

 1,482 

 992 

 1,463 

 1,711 

 2,200 



Nitrogen. 



1.25 

 1.15 

 0.71 

 0.68 

 2,15 

 1.41 

 2.08 

 2.04 

 2.07 

 2.18 

 1.76 

 1.76 

 1.37 



37.56 

 13.20 

 15. .36 

 13. .56 

 110.04 

 78.24 

 70.80 

 58. G8 

 37.20 

 27.48 

 32. 52 

 35.76 

 34.92 



Carbon and ash free 

 from carbonic acid. 



P o 



31.30 

 19.08 

 38.22 

 31.32 

 21.52 

 12.40 

 17.26 

 19.50 

 17.46 

 21.18 

 20.83 

 15.55 

 14.00 



945 

 218 

 828 

 625 

 1,101 

 688 

 587 

 559 

 313 

 267 

 385 

 316 

 357 



The mean of two analyses of the ashes gives, by estimation, the fol- 

 lowing table of mineral constituents contained in a morgeu of stubble : 



The Value of Human Excrement as a Fertilizer. — Mr. Lep- 

 mann, director of the Central Trial Station in Bavaria, makes an esti- 

 mate by W'hich to determine approximately the value, for fertilizing 

 purx^oses, of the human excrement annually wasted at the city of Munich. 

 After contrasting the practice among the Japanese of carefully saving 

 and using every particle of such manure, with the practice in Europe of 

 utterly wasting the same, and then sending fleets thousands of miles for 

 guano to make up for that waste, he states that the amount of guano 

 furnished by Peru yearly for the German fields is about 1,000,000 cwt. 

 This contains 13,000,000 pounds (German) nitrogen, 12,000,000 pounds 

 phosphoric acid, 2,000,000 pounds potash. The city of Munich contains 

 177,000 inhabitants, each of whom, according to statistics, consumes a 

 daily amount of food the constituents of which are equal to 15 grams 

 of nitrogen, o grams of phosphoric acid, and 3i grams of potash. This 

 would make the total for one year 1,868,070 pounds of nitrogen, 022,690 

 pounds of phosphoric acid, 373 pounds of ])otash. But this does' not 

 all become waste; a portion is required for the growth of the non-adult 

 population. According to the census of 1867 there were 73,556 of this 

 class. Estimating the average yearly increase from infancy up to adult 

 age at 4 pounds for each, the total yearly growth of human flesh, fa^, 

 and bones in the city, in one year, would be 291,224 pounds. This would 

 require 10,386 pounds of nitrogen, 11,636 pounds of phosphoric acid, 

 and 1,239 pounds of potash. Deducting these from the amounts in- 

 cluded in the total of food consumed, and there will remain as the sum 

 of fertilizing elements wasted in the human excrements of the city for 

 one year, 1,857,714 pounds of nitrogen, of which the commercial value 



