316 



Iowa, and Missouri, It is the variety piimila of Michaux. X>r. Gray, 

 in one edition of his Botany, reduces it to a variety, but at a later date 

 restores it to the rank of a species. 



Live-oalc. — Leaves 7)io>ilhj witlioiit teeth, evergreen, 



9. Live-oak — Querent rircns, Ait. — Tliis vahiahle oak is found as far 

 north as Norfolk,Virgiuia, but principally farther south, where it becomes 

 a large tree. On the west it extends to Texas. The timber has a world- 

 "wide reputation in ship-building. 



Sectiox 2. — Biennial fi:uiticd oaks. 



Wnioiv-oahs. — Leaves (joieraUij entire, thielc, and pershtent, and some 'becoming evergreen far 



south. 



10. Upland willow-oak — Quercus clncrea, Michaux. — This is a small 

 tree, occurring rarely north of North Carolina, but common in the dry 

 pine barrens of the Southern States, and extending west to Texas. It 

 has small lance-oblong leaves, white downy beneath. The acorns are 

 small, roundish, and about one-third inclosed in the shallow cup. 



11. Common willow-oak — Quercus phellos, L. — This is the willow oak 

 of the Middle Atlantic States, extending south to Florida, and west 

 to Kentucky. It is a pretty large tree, attaining a height of 50 feet, and 

 is distinguished hj its willow-like leaves. It is commonly found in low 

 woods, or on the margin of swamps and streams. The fruit much re- 

 sembles that of the preceding. 



12. Shingle-oak — Quercus imhricaria, Michaux. — This is also some- 

 times called Spanish-oak, which name properly belongs to Quercus falcata. 

 It is a tree of moderate size, with smoothish black bark, leaves 4 to 5 

 inches long, thick and shining, not toothed or lobed. The acorn is 

 roundish, small, half an inch long, in a shallow cup. It is quite common 

 in some of the Western States, becoming most abundant in Kentucky 

 and Tennessee, and reaching westward to Arkansas and southern 

 Kansas. Its wood is of little value, making even i)oor shingles. 



Black oaks. — Leaves thick, broadest at the top, slightly lobed or entire. 



13. Water oak, Quercus aquatica, Catesby. — This tree is a native of the 

 Southern States, having its northern limit about Richmond, Virginia, 

 and extending west to Arkansas. It grows from 10 to 50 feet high, has 

 firm tough wood, with smooth bark, except on old trees. The leaves 

 are very peculiar in form, being somewhat fiddle-shaped, or having a long 

 narrow wedge-shaped base, expanded at the top into a broad, somewhat 

 three-lobed summit. They are about 3 inches long, and 1 to 1^ inches 

 broad at the top. The acorn is about half an inch long, in a shallow 

 cup. 



14. Black jack — Quercus nigra, L. — This is a small-sized tree, from 15 

 to 25 feet high, growing mostly in thin soil, and forming a dense roundish 

 head. The leaves are thick and leathery in texture, 5 or 6 inches long, 

 broad at the top, usually with three bristle-pointed I'obes, graduall}" nar- 

 rowed below, and having a very short stem or petiole. They are covered 

 with a rusty down on the under surface, as are also the young twigs. 

 The acorn is short and roundish, and about half inclosed by the rough- 

 scaled cup. It ranges from New Jersey to Florida, and westward to 

 Texas and Arkansas, being very abundant in some localities, and quite 

 absent over other wide tracts of country. 



15. Black scrub-oak — Quercus ilici/olia, Wang. — A small scrubby oak, 

 growing from 3 to 8 feet high, and ranging, according to Dr. Gray, from 

 New England to Ohio and Kentucky. 



