360 



and liauliug iu, Ijut uot <iiiity av mutk lor Lay-iuakiug. Fioiu Lhio an ;n crjgo product 

 would bo: 



Wiiyat, 600 bimliul:,, worth !i|il,;iOO 00 



Oats, 1,200 bushels, worth 480 00 



Coru, l,yOO bushels, Avorth , GOO 00 



2,280 00 



Deduct from thiy, oi' wheat Ibr broad aud uecd, liJO buahela $'225 00 



Oats for feed aud seed, L!00 bushels 120 00 



Com for foed aud seed, 400 bushcla • 200 00 



Pay of ouo baud 240 00 



Extra hands 110.00 



545 00 

 1,735 00 



: — 350 00 



1, 385 00 

 From this farm there would bo realized for potatoes, turuips, fmiit, gar- 

 deu vegetables, butter, eggs, aud x)oultry, about GOO 00 



* 1,985 00 

 All the hay, fodder, aud straw are eousumed up»u the farm ; the wool its 

 worked iuto clothing audldaukots.; and there will be expended iu cloth- 

 ing for family, blacksmith's biU, aud repairs of farm, &c ♦ 'JS5 00 



Leaving a cash balance of 1, 000 00 



Now this is an accouut of the operations, practically, of a thrifty farmer, who under- 

 stands his business. He takes his breakfast, and has his horses fed, geared, nud watered, 

 that they may be in the field at sunrise. He gets his dinner about 11 o'clock a. m., 

 and is iu the field again by 12 o'clock, aud quits work about sundown. 



What it costs to breakup an acre of gTOimd, no one can ansAver; nor would an 

 answer be of any value. And the same may be said of the cost of planting an acre of 

 Avheat or laying an acre of corn. These arc items in the business of a farm which 

 cannot be aggregated for anj- valxiable conclusion, nor can it be told how much it costs 

 to put up 100 feet of fence. As to all these things, so many circumstances exist as to 

 render any truthful estimate a.t one jwiut wholly inapplicable to another. It is un- 

 doubtedly true that a hired laborer at the North will do double as much work iu a day, 

 as a black man will do iu the South. This is doubtless attributable to the fact that 

 the one has been educated to work, because to earn his Avages he must ; the other to 

 avoid labor, because his compensation Avas the same whether he Avorked or not. This 

 Avill not ahvays be so, for the time is coming when free labor Avill produce about the 

 same results eA^erywhere. There are mauy colored laborers in the Middle States Avhose 

 cai^acity for labor is quite equal \o that of the white man, and Avho earn the same 

 amount of wages. 



If farms ai'e leased to tenants, they pay the road aud school taxes, and the landlord 

 the county taxes. Each finds one-half of the seed, an^ receiA^es one- half the products, 

 all hay, straw, and fodder being used upon the farm. 



xVbout one-third of the land Avill be put into wheat, and one-third into com and 

 oats, and the remainder into grass; and it is becoming a common practice, and a good 

 one, to turn no cattle out to pasture until after the grass is cut and the hay made. 

 This gi'ass is of mixed cloA'er aud timothy, the latter soAved in the fall with wheat, and 

 the former in the spring, after Avhich the field should bo rolled for the double jjurjiose 

 of embedding the clover seed, and making smooth the ground for tho greater conve- 

 nience of reaping the crop. 



When the Avheat crop is taken off, the young cloA'er should not be pastured much, 

 aud it Avould be better if not at all. The next year's hay is hero made ; and at this 

 ])oiut one of your difficulties occurs. You haA'o no barn to put it iu, and I am aware 

 that it AA'Ould be ditiicult to convince you that you haA-o any necessity for one. You 

 persuade yourseh-es that your climate is such that cattle do not require shelter. This 

 is to be immindful of tho fact, that this is the least important function of a barn. In 

 the South 15 per cent, of your products is wasted in cutting, gathering, stacking, and 

 thrashing, while it should bo hauled in good time and stoAved aAvay iu a bai'n, A\hero 

 you may thrash it at your leisure, and feed your hay, fodder, and straAv to your cattle, 

 which Avould thereby bo employed in manufacturing materials into manure that would 

 otherwiso be comparatively lost in the exposure to rain, sun, and wind. If cattle be 

 kept in a barn and its yard, from tho till until tho foUoAviug June, and during May 

 and June fed with grass cut from the fields for them, thoy Avill have used up all tho 



