453 



samo wliicli support this onterprise iu Swocleu, only substitutiiip; biittor for clieeso; for 

 hero the first objects of manufacture were butter and cheese, while the niakiug of 

 cheese has latterly been conllded to single jiroducers, making butter the chief produc- 

 tion of the association. The report of the British association points out the following 

 advantages : 



1. Milk iu'^arge quantities, in the preparation of Cheddar choose, yields a much 

 larger amount of curd than small quantities. 



2. The exjienditures for wages are proportionally much smaller in a large industry, 

 and may bo reduced to a minimum. 



;}. The ad%^antage iu cheap implements and buildings is very considerable. 



4. The loss of raw materials is far less iu a large fiictory. Less milk yields more 

 cheese. 



5. The loss in handling the cheese prepared, but yet unmatured, is proportionately 

 much larger iu small establishments. 



C. Everything pertaining to the cheese manufacture ou a largo scale admits of 

 savings, in the manner of working up the raw materials. 



Before the present stock association was formed iu Sweden, there existed already a 

 largo dairy established by Mr. Lidhol in, which transformed into milk and butter G,1)00 cans 

 {41.48 gallons. United States,) of milk per day, the products baiug shipped by railroad 

 iu winter and by steamship iu sumiuer, to the capital. This establishment has been 

 incorporated by the present stock association, which was chartered by law of October 

 1, 1870, with a capital stock of 1,000,000 Swedish dollars, ($275,600,) of which thus 

 far 350,000 Swedish dollars ($98,400) have been issued. 



Voiy soon the company found it of advantage, instead of the )uilk in its natural 

 state, to purchase the cream separate, iu order to give chief attention to the matiufac- 

 ture of butter. Agents concluded contracts with large milk producers for delivery 

 of the cream, and the farmer soon discovered that the cream, while the skimmed milk 

 would be profitable at home as food for young cattle and swine, yielding them thirty- 

 two oere per can, (or 12.876 cents, gold, per gallon, United States,) 'instead of twenty 

 oere (7.9 cents, gold, i>or gallon. United States) 'pev can as before. 



The quantities of milk purchased through the agents during the first quarter of the 

 operations was 326,144 cans, ('225,490 gallons, United States,) and from the report ap- 

 pears that the ijroduction of 1 can of cream required 7.1 cans of milk, and as the 

 above quantity of milk yielded 50,620 pounds of butter, it averaged 6.3 cans of milk 

 to 1 pound of butter, (4.646 gallons, United States, of milk to 1 pound. United States, 

 of butter.) The production of fresh cheese required 1.83 cans of milk for ouepouud, 

 (1.386 gallons. United States, per pound, United States.) 



From these facts the conclusion is drawn that the result is not favorable as regards 

 the yield of butter, but very satisfactory as regards the yield of cheese, which clearly 

 proves that the cream formation was imperfect and that a good portion of the butter 

 contained in the milk passed into the cheese. The chief cause of this the report as- 

 cribes to the fact that, iu October and November, the depots receiving the milk were 

 short of ice and could not keep sufficiently cool the temperature of the water vessel in 

 which the formation of cream takes place. Beyoud the cream realized from the milk 

 purchased, the quantities directly obtained were : October, 24,917 cans ; November, 

 27,238 cans ; December, 25,900 cans ; January, 31,590 cans ; February, 31,640 cans. 



The price paid for milk varied with the season and locality, from 16 to 22 oere per 

 can, (6.36 to 8.77 cents, gold, j)er gallon. United States,) the average being about 19 oro 

 per can, (7.57 cents, gold, per gallon, United States.) For cream was paid, in October, 

 80 oere per pound of butter realized therefrom, (23.53 cents, gold, per pouad. United 

 States;) in November and December, 85 oere pound, (25.02 couts, golil, per pouad, 

 United States,) and during the first months of this year 90 oere per pound, (23.47 cents, 

 gold, per pound. United States.) In these first transactions the company aimed at 

 profits of one oere per can (0.0386 cent, gold, per gallon, Uuited States) of milk, and 

 5 oere per pound (1.47 cents, gold, per pound. United States) of butter. 



According to their first charter the association could extend its operations in a lim- 

 ited district only ; but a decree of May 12, 1871, removed this limitation, and soou they 

 formed ten branch establishments. The total i^roductiou of butter was, (iu Swedish 

 l^ounds :) 



