134 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
seem to come from adyentive embryos, I shall speak of here as “ false ”’ 
hybrids for the sake of clearness. . 
Another feature of importance shown by the true hybrids is their 
evergreen habit. In March, when the seedlings were transplanted to the 
south, all of the false hybrids (fig. 44, lower row) were dropping their 
leaves as true Trifoliate Oranges normally do in the winter. All of 
the true hybrids, however (fig. 44, upper row), as yet showed no 
signs of dropping their foliage, and were clearly distinct in this feature. 
This is also shown well in fig. 48, No. 8, where in two seedlings from 
the same seed the hybrid is evergreen, while the false hybrid has lost 
nearly all its leaves. 
The increase in vigour, which is so commonly displayed by hybrids 
between distinct parents, is also shown by these hybrids to a marked 
degree. Fig. 44 (upper row) shows a representative series of nine of 
the true intermediate hybrids, which is to be compared with a repre- 
sentative series of the false hybrids shown in the lower row of the same 
figure. The true hybrids are all much larger and more branched than the 
false hybrids, which are, as explained above, supposed to be developed 
from adventive embryos, and thus to be true representatives of the mother 
parent. The growth is also much more rapid and vigorous than in the 
normal male parent, which may be seen by comparing fig. 42, where all 
seedlings are of the same age. No. 845, a cross of two typical Oranges 
and one of the largest of 500 seedling Oranges of similar kind, is yet far 
smaller than the medium-sized true hybrid No. 772. No. 780, one of the 
largest of the twenty-nine false hybrids, affords a relative comparison of 
size of the true hybrids with the type of the mother parent. The true 
hybrid No. 772 used here for comparison is not the largest of the hybrids 
secured, but is of medium size. (See fourth in series, fig. 44, upper row.) 
In case two or more seedlings develop from the same seed, the one 
developing from the egg cell and affected by the crossing with the male 
element, is almost invariably the strongest and largest, which is, of 
course, what would be expected. (Fig. 48, No. 2, and fig. 45, No. 1.) 
The hybrids described above are of trifoliata crossed with pollen of 
Sweet Orange, but the reciprocal hybrids obtained show the same 
characters and about an equal proportion of intermediate plants or true 
hybrids. Of fourteen hybrids of Sweet Orange crossed with pollen of 
trifoliata nine seedlings are, so far as can be observed, exactly like the 
typical mother parent, and are possibly false hybrids, while five are inter- 
mediate in nature, resembling the male parent in having trifoliolate 
leaves, which are much larger than typical trifoliata. (Fig. 45, Nos. 
1 and 2, and fig. 46, No. 716.) It is interesting to note that here, where 
the Sweet Orange is used as the mother parent, in the five cases of seed- 
lings showing intermediate nature all are trifoliolate, though coming 
from seeds of an unifoliolate species, and show almost exactly the same 
intermediate characters as are shown by the reciprocal hybrids, where 
the trifoliata is used as the mother parent and the Sweet Orange as the 
father parent. 
In crosses of the Tangerine (Citrus nobilis) with pollen of the Trifo- 
liate Orange the same feature is exhibited. Of twelve such hybrids 
eleven resembled the Tangerine in foliage characters, &c., while one has 
