316 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
lilac; and C. Stella, pale violet with plum-red bars. Of those of the 
Florida type are C. Countess of Lovelace, bluish lilac with double 
Anemone-formed flowers; and OC. Unique, pale yellowish green. 
Amongst those which took the character of the Jackmanni type are 
C. W. E. Essington, a reddish violet ; C. Marquis of Salisbury, a dark 
plum colour; and C. Lady Stratford de Redcliffe, a slaty lilac. 
Still further improvements were made, after these at the Woking 
Nurseries, in the lanuginosa type, notably C. alba magna, which in my 
opinion is the finest white in cultivation ; C. Mrs. Hope, a beautiful satiny 
mauve, and C. Blue Gem, a pale cerulean blue, both being bred between 
C. lanuginosa and C. Standishii ; also C. Princess of Wales, a deep bluish 
mauve ; C. Robert Hanbury, a bluish lilac; and C. Duke of Norfolk, a 
deep mauve. 
I might here mention that among batches of seedlings there are 
generally several which partake too much in colour and general character 
of one or other of the parents, or are too near other varieties in cultiva- 
tion, to be of any use. 
Among the foremost hybridisers of the Clematis must also be men- 
tioned Monsieur Lemoine, of Nancy, who has raised several good 
varieties of the patens, lanuginosa, and Viticella types of recent years, 
more especially of the Viticella type, conspicuous among them being C. 
candidissima plena, C. Florida pallida, and C. Vestale, of the first type ; 
C. lanuginosa candida, C. lanuginosa nivea, C. Otto Froebel, and C. La 
Gaule, of the second type; C. Monsieur Grandeau, C. Kermesina, C. La 
Nancienne, and C. Madame Moser ; and the fine double-flowered variety 
C. Lucie Lemoine, of the Florida type. He is also to be credited with 
several varieties of the herbaceous race. 
Next come Messrs. Simon Louis, of Metz, their earliest varieties 
being likewise improvements on OC. patens, viz.: C. Louisa plena, 
C. Clara, and C. Marie; they afterwards brought out C. splendida, 
C. fulgens, C. perfecta, and C. nigricans, the first two being raised from 
C. lanuginosa crossed with C. Viticella grandiflora. 
Messrs. Cripps & Son have also introduced several good varieties, 
principally of the lanuginosa type. I am not acquainted, however, with 
any specific crosses they have made, but amongst the varieties raised by 
them, C. Lady Caroline Nevill, C. Madame van Houtte, C. Tunbridgensis, 
C. Star of India, and C. Fairy Queen still retain honoured places in good 
collections. 
Another eminent hybridiser is Mr. Charles Noble, who has raised 
several varieties, principally of the patens type, from the intercrossing of 
GC. Standishii and C. Fortunei, chief amongst them being C. Albert Victor, 
C. Miss Bateman, C. Lady Londesborough, C. Lord Londesborough, and 
C. Mrs. Villiers Lister. 
Other names associated with the fertilisation and improvement of the 
Clematis are: Messrs. G. Baker & Son, who raised C. Gem from 
(C. lanuginosa crossed with C. Standishii, which is almost identical with 
©. Regine, raised by Mr. Anderson Henry some years previously, as 
already mentioned :—Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., who raised 
C. Beauty of Worcester and C. Snow White Jackmanni :—Mon. 
Briolay-Goiffon, who raised C. Aureliana from C.-patens crossed with 
