The Monad's Place in Nature. 221 



often found that liquids wliicli under low powers appeared quite 

 free from organisms have, on the application of higher powers, re- 

 solved themselves into moving masses of organisms, and this, I 

 beHeve, will most frequently be found to be the case where the 

 power is able to detect the hfe. In the case of August 4th this is 

 palpably the case.* 



I am also inchned to the belief that the lower forms of life are 

 amoebiform, from the numerous observations I have made of them 

 when the focus of the instrument has been clearly adjusted. 



The cause of the circular movements may be due to ciha aU 

 over the body, as shown in Fig. 18, Plate C, of my last paper in 

 ' M. M. J.' 



But the cause of the cyclical movements may be explained by 

 an examination I have occasionally made of some form of Para- 

 moBcium, of which I have given a diagram in Fig. xi. a, h, Plate 

 cm., possibly Faramoecmm Aurelia. Here the cilia are placed 

 in a diagonal manner across the body, and give it by successive 

 action that peculiar motion which we observe as cyclical, and which 

 was so in the objects from which the drawing was made. 



From observations I have made I am induced to believe that 

 the pin-point Monad, when developed under absence of light and 

 only a limited quantity of air, gives rise to the class of plants 

 known as Mucedinae.f 



The results of the experiment, March 5th, 1868, g, shows 

 Euglena as the result of cow-dung in much water in free light and 

 air in a taU glass jar, while the same medium in d, gives only 

 Paramoecium as the result, the air and light being both applied in 

 a difi'erent proportion. 



For these and other reasons I am induced to look upon Monas 

 in its earliest forms to be the starting-point whence, when its 

 heredity is small, several products may result, and among the 

 number are Infusoria, Mucedinae, Euglenae, Oscillatoria ; and since 

 I think there is evidence to show much transmutation of form, the 

 facts seem to me to show that while from the lower Infusoria many 

 of the Eotatoria may be traced, so also from Palmella cruenta may 

 be traced Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, and many mosses (see Figs, iii., 

 IV., v., VI., VII., and viii.). A close and frequent examination 

 of plants of Palmella cruenta has convinced me that Oscillatoria 

 Nigro Viride is simply a developed form of the same plant. 

 Instances are of very frequent occurrence in which the plants are 

 so intermixed, and the cells under the microscope so evidently 

 transitional, that I have now no longer any doubt upon the subject. 



* See also Fig. x., in which the liquid was one moving mass of Vibrions and 

 Monarls. 



t See p. 197 ' M. M. J.,' April, 1870. Note of an experiment in which the 

 results of growth in a dark cupboard is compared with that in an open window 

 exposed to liglit and air. 



