Horizon of Mammoth in Alaska 25 



with a tooth from Whidby Island, Washington, and now in the 

 U. S. National Museum, to Elephas columbi and not to the true 

 Mammoth (Elephas primigenius). Several additional occurrences 

 of scattered mammoth remains within the general limits of glacia- 

 tion are the part of a tooth found in the drift about six miles above 

 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada," and on Snow River, at the head of 

 Lake Kenai, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.'" 



In Science ^ under the heading " Geographical Notes," an 

 anonymous writer mentions that Lieut. H. T. Allen observed re- 

 mains of mammoth, presumably, on the Copper River, Alaska. 

 This appears to be an error, for Lieut. Allen ^^ makes no reference 

 to such remains having been seen on the Copper River, but he says, 

 that on the Koyukuk River, which flows into the Yukon from the 

 north, six miles above the mouth of the Allenkakat River, a tribu- 

 tary of the Koyukuk, he found the os pubis of a mammoth. He 

 also makes a note on his map No. i, of " Ice banks — Mammoth 

 remains " at the mouth of a stream he names the " Atutsakulaku- 

 shakakat" that flows into the Yukon from the south about eighteen 

 miles below the mouth of the Tozi River. This is the general 

 locality of the Palisades already mentioned. 



V. Horizon of Mammoth in Alaska 

 I. remains carried out on lakes by floating ice 



The lowest horizon in Alaska to which Mammoth remains may 

 be referred are the lacustrine facies of the " Yukon Silts " or the 

 " Kowak Clays." "'^ 



These deposits form an extensively developed Pleistocene feature 

 in Alaska. Scattered through them occur fragmental remains of 

 mammoth skeletons, isolated teeth, tusks, and bones, which are ex- 

 posed where the streams vmdermine the silts by lateral cutting. 



'^ Lambe : The Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. XII, 1898, p. 137. 



^ The Nome Semi-Weekly Nugget. Sept. 24, 1904. 



"Vol. VI, October 30, 1885, p. 380. 



"^ Report on an Expedition to the Copper, Tanana, and Koyukuk rivers in 

 Alaska in 1885. Senate Ex. Document, 26. Session, 49th Congress, i886-'87, 

 Vol. 2, p. 99. 



^ For a description of these deposits see Spurr, Geology of the Yukon 

 gold district. Eighteenth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1898, pp. 200-221. 



ColHer, Bull. No. 218, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1903, pp. 18 and 43. 



Dall, Bull. 84, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1892, pp. 265-266 and in a Report on the 

 Coal and Lignite of Alaska, Seventeenth Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1896, 

 p. 856. 



