Laxd Ice of Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions 



55 



and solidifies against ice escarpments as readily as elsewhere. Tol- 

 matschow's results and conclusions in regard to the ice of sample 

 (B) may have been different if the sample had come from higher 

 up on the ice face, or better still, if it had been taken more from 

 the interior of the mass. As it is, the sample coming from the 

 lozver part of the surface may, even if not admitted to be of snow 

 origin, readily have been modified " by the secondary process of 

 melting and erosion" of water ice and must be admitted to be of a 

 superficial nature and not a criterion by which to judge the origin 

 of the mass of the ice bed. 



It must also be borne in mind that those who think some ice de- 

 posits are of water origin, i. e., are frozen from water and not 



6 4 



Figure i. — Section of the bank of the Beresowka River with gliding talus at 

 the place where the mammoth carcass was found. 

 [After Tohnatschow, op. cit., fig. 4. p. 430.] 



1-2-4, 



2-3 



3 



4-5 



5 

 6 



8-9 



W^ater level of the Beresowka. 



35 meters. 



Place where carcass was found. 



55 meters. 



Layer of soil. 



Alluvial layer with shingle and lamellar ice. 



Ice bed (fundamental position). 



120 meters, height of porphyry ridge yi mile back of terrace. 



Pleistocene silts (lacustrine). 



snow, do not claim that the process by which it transpires is the 

 same as that of the freezing of an open, unobstructed expanse, like 

 a lake or pond, that when once frozen it is suddenly covered over 

 its whole area and preserved so that the normal crystallographic 

 structure of the ice will be retained. The process is far different 

 from this. True the pond or lake freezes over every winter, but 



