RESEARCHES ON THE ATTAINMENT OF VERY 

 LOW TEMPERATURES. 



PART II.i— FURTHER NOTES ON THE SELF INTENSIVE 

 PROCESS FOR LIQUEFYING GASES. 



BY MORRIS W. TRAVERS, D.SC, F.R.S. 



PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BRISTOL, 



AND IN PART 



BY A. G. C. GWYER, B.SC, AND F. L. USHER. 



I. Introduction. 



In 1903 I submitted to the Smithsonian Institution an account of 

 some researches on the Hquefaction of air and hydrogen which I had 

 carried out with the aid of a grant from the Hodgkins Fund. Since 

 then, with the aid of a further grant from the same source, I have 

 extended these investigations, and have obtained the results which are 

 recorded in the following pages. 



I may state at the outset that I have been obliged to confine my 

 attention mainly to points of practical interest. After completing the 

 first section of my work I began to make preparations for the complete 

 investigation of the process of liquefying gases by the self-intensive 

 process, and, in conjunction with Professor R. A. Lehfeldt, commenced 

 a research on the determination of the Joule-Thomson effect for gases 

 over a wide range of temperature and pressure. My removal to Bris- 

 tol prevented me from continuing to participate in this work, which 

 Professor Lehfeldt is now completing. My work was also consider- 

 ably retarded by the fact that a compressor and air liquefier, which 

 had been purchased by the Bristol University College shortly before 

 my appointment, was found to be practically worthless, and only after 

 the compressor had been completely reconstructed and a new air lique- 

 fier had been built, could any research be undertaken. With the means 

 al my disposal this work occupied more than a year. 



II. Previous Result. 

 Before going further I will make one or two remarks as to state- 

 ments in my last paper. In calculating the quantity of the liquid pro- 



^ Part I was published in 1904 in Volume XLVi, Smithsonian Miscellaneous 

 Collections, under the title : Researches on the Attainment of Very Low Tem- 

 perature, by Morris W. Travers, D.Sc. 



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