120 
This system has exercised a powerful influence upon the character of 
army-horses. At the close of 1873 the number of horses in the different 
provinces of the kingdom of Prussia was as follows: Prussia proper, 
531,831; Silesia, 256,467; Brandenburg, 235,987; Posen, 194,000; Pom: 
erania, 172 ,181; Saxony, 164,311; Rhine prov ‘inces, 154,256 ; Westphalia, 
115,674 ; ; Hanover, 186,715 ; Schleswi ig-Holstein, 134, 144; Hesse- -Nassau, 
65,2 995: ‘total, 2,187, 791. 
In Prussia proper the number of horses is abont 17 per cent. of. the 
number of people; in Silesia, about 74 per cent.; Brandenburg, nearly 
9 per cent.; Posen, 121 per cent.; Pomerania, 12 per cent.; Saxony, 8 per 
cent.; Rhine provinces, 4 per cent.; Westphalia, 6 per cent.; Hanover, 9 
per cent.s ; Schleswig-Holstein, 134 per cent.; Hesse-Nassau, "43 per cent.; 
the whole kingdom, 9 per cent. 
HUNGARIAN HORSES.—The Hungarians have ever been a nation of 
cavaliers, and the horse has enjoyed a grand role in their history. The 
brilliant success of the Magyars in beating back the invading hordes of 
Turks and Tartars has been especially due to their superiority in cavalry, 
and this is attributable to the admirable quality of their horses as well 
_ as to the high spirit of the riders. The Hungarian horse was origin- 
ally of moderate stature, averaging a little less than fifteen hands high; 
head elegant and small, neck strong and not too long, good chest and 
back, hind-quarters sloping, legs excellent and terminated by very tough 
hoofs; color various. In the bracing climate and among the nutritious 
pastures of Hungary, the horse developed a hardy constitution, great 
power of endurance, with wonderful swiftness of movement. But sub- 
sequently, the original Scythian breed of Hungarian horses gave place 
in the great studs to imported animals, and is found to-day only among 
the peasantry of Hungary and among the Szekely of the Eastern Car- 
pathians. Horses of large stature, Spanish, Roman, and Neapolitan, 
were sought, which, in some parts of the country, have resulted in a 
valuable breed. Subsequently, Danish horses were imported, and the 
large German horse was naturalized. The English horse has also been 
introduced, and has been growing in size, strength, and capacity. These 
different importations have resulted in great variations of breed and 
quality among Hungarian horses. 
The total number of horses in Hungary is stated at 2,158,000, and the 
population at 15,417,000, making the number of horses 14 for every 100 
people. This fact indicates the extent to which horse-breeding has been 
carried in Hungary. This branch of production has met with consid- 
erable obstruction in different ages; but, since the advent of Maria 
Theresa to the imperial throne of Austria, government has by 
subsidies and otherwise, assisted horse-breeders. Encouragements 
were given to the organization of studs, and prizes for excellence in 
horses were given. This governmental assistance has been exterfded 
and systematized. Studs have been established by authority and dis- 
tributed throughout the country. There are five stations in Alba Regia, 
with 570 stallions; six stations in Nagy K6rdés, with 870 stallions; four 
stations 1 in Szepsi St. Gyorgy, with 238 stallions ; two stations in Varasd, 
with 122 stallions; total, sixteen stations, with on 860 stallions. 
A central commission, "constituted of experts of the countr y; to secure 
the best and most productive system of horse- raising, meets at set peri-; 
ods every year. The statistics of each year’s production are furnished 
by the minister of agriculture. This body corresponds with local com- 
missions in each county, chosen by the horse-raisers and experts. These 
local committees are to communicate the actual condition of the busi- 
