146 
fall and spring sown grain. The line runs from near Boston through — 
Southeastern Massachusetts and Connecticut, curves round the Housa- 
tonic Hills, strikes the vicinity of Saratoga, and runs in a northwesterly 
direction to Lake Ontario; thence including all our territory east of 
Lake Michigan, traverses a small section of Southwestern Indiana, | 
strikes nearly west through the northern line of Missouri, crosses the 
Missouri at Saint Joseph, and gradually curves southward in Kansas 
as higher elevation is reached. The general direction from ocean to 
lakes is northwest, from lakes to the Rocky Mountains west-southwest. 
The line of northern limit of sorghum, on the contrary, preserves with 
a degree of uniformity a northwestern course. The difference is, sor- 
ghum is a summer crop, and its cultivation follows the summer isother- 
mal line; while winter-wheat depends not only on winter and spring 
climates, but to some extent on the nature of the soil and methods of 
cultivation. 
The sea-isiand-cotton line skirts the coast from Charleston to Galves- 
ton; and the upland line rans from Norfolk southwesterly, curving 
around the mountain-spurs of upper Georgia, cutting the northeastern 
section of Alabama, and thence sharply northward to include the Ten- 
nessee Valley and Western Tennessee, and all but the hill region of 
Arkansas, and southwestwardly through a corner of the Indian Terri- 
tory and Texas to the Rio Grande. 
. Accompanying this chart is an estimate of the extent of cultivation 
of the principal erops, as follows: 
Acres. 
Area, in 1875, in cereal-crops..-..-..---- By rele a ca 3 tate elo aha ee reetoes 87, 000, 000 
MPaw HICH LO MNAZO | <ascss Seas ee eee eee aes 44, 800, 000 
Oriwhteh, in Wheat... 2. ..): :s2.2 seceeeemes saceseeeriaaes 26, 400, C00 
Pen ley o- in Nay-GlOPS-2 Ss. ..2- ere ae = aonb se ocean ester 23, 500, 000 
Maren (O75, iit COttOl..-.-. 2 a6 co cece wena wueecee ee CEL ee 10, 750, 000 
Ares in tor5,in orchards, vines, and fraits-2-- -.--.2---6 22-2 s see soe ones 4, 500, 000 
rosin t eyo. Il bODACEOK. sone done so, ccme aetee o oeesie ai cine Ae eens 460, 000 
Maidiares 1 cultivation in L875... ..- cocsacoue fh ass cee eee ene ee eeeee 133, 000, 000 
The following statement of grand areas, in square miles, is also given: 
2 Ss ? 3 
Square miles. 
Rea ANC CIN WAGCT-SUBACE.-- os 2 ose osaoae oes oe cee eens eee 4, 000, 000 
PEC OR SbAbeS ANG hOIrlbOlies <<... o5 sass eee ae beiae casein gears ches eee 3, 611, 889 
Area of the thirteen original States ....-...---.------ Bes en een le Se 341, 756 
Area of public-land States and Territories .----.------ -.-.-. --s.----ssees 2,867, 185 
ELewon public landrunusold mers7z0 . 2. 25s aoe aos sea tena eee 2, 168, 331 
xeon Oretarin-langs iil GOO. 222 oa sca ces Somes cece es cebemecc essen see 637, 086 
Ares, OL AarM- Leds WNPLOVeO 9255.52 ase cee esaeenesoe sno s ese ees 295, 189 
Agena of farnm-lands! in fOrest <2 oe ws a2 cose ocbese ondaoe moses ses sees eee . 248, 922 
3. Showing the peculiarities of the agriculture of the Pacific coast 
region, and the local distribution and prominence of its principal crops. 
DIAGRAMS.—io aid in comparison of different numbers and quanti- 
ties, a tangible measure is useful to all, and to the multitude absolutely 
necessary. The arts of coloring and mathematical drawing are both 
brought into requisition for illustration of these abstract ideas which 
represent things so practical and commonplace. Among the diagrams 
which form a part of the exhibit are the following: 
1. The product of corn per caprta.—Thisis based upon the census year, 
1869, to save the necessity of estimating anew both population as well 
as production, taking the census data for both. The figures on which 
the diagrain is based are, for the several States: 
