148 a 
division. It omits the New England States, which produce little wheat, 
nearly all of which is sown broadcast. The wheat-area in New York is 
divided equally between the two methods. oe 6 
® In New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland the drill 
greatly predominates. In the Southern States the area is small, par- 
ticularly in the cotton States, and the drill is comparatively unknown. 
North of the Ohio River, in the winter-wheat States, the drill is very 
generally used, the proportion rising to 76 per cent. in Ilinois. ; 
In the spring-wheat region there are several reasons for prominence of 
broadcasting. One comes from a prevalent practice of sowing wheat on 
the irregular surface of a corn-field without plowing; another is found 
in the use of the combined cultivator and broadcast-seeder, which de- 
stroys many of the weeds that would otherwise be left between the drills. 
The gist of both of these reasons lies in the saving of labor by a com- 
promise process, which is cheap though slovenly. The result of the in- - 
vestigation shows that 47 per cent. of the winter-wheat, and 30 of the 
Spring, or 37 of both, represent the proportion seeded by the drill. The 
improvement by drilling is made to average 10 per cent. The aver- 
age quantity of seed used for seeding winter-wheat is 1.35 bushels per 
acre ; 1.24 for drilled, 1.44 for the sown. The details are as follows: 
3 ee Seed per 
= = So acre. 
¢ | § | 82 
a | a | Se 
Ss | & | oo eee 
= =] a2 |B = 
States. = 5 Sb wo] & 
2 | & | 5° | 48] s 
Ay | 2a| @ 
oe? oO 
a: hag 
Percentage.- 3 Ss 
4 a. 
OAM DINC ole nis) < a Bcmen deci acce monica cue wawcuewe wage cw eco ameios sae am 50 50 13 | 1.80] 1.60 
PR AVERUET NE ieee een eal esa mare = oan Seat ene eee bee eee eee 45 55 6|1.95} 1.60 
TEV Ty AS TR WET ae eps eee ee ee ages Ann APB Re Oe 30 70 12|1.74| 1.49 
TESTE EPUPD eee et eS Be ale RR Rr ee 9s Meee ee ee 26 74 10 | 1.75 z m 
Maryland. <2. <j: REET Sea ORE ESO BENE Aerinaa seco ce 24 76 ye 71) 4 
Vireinia BE eine ela eos einen ace ei armies ic) meme Se ke i ee es a ier cate 62 38 12 | 1,44 1-QE 
ERAT AL OUITIA) ob os mie canner ewine cele cin ne cannon cee cEer aeeee eennss 97 3) 2 eee 1. 07 . 83 
SOUT ONS ps san on ot coca owede tc cer coaweiean arene net eases 99 5 ee se 1.00 . 70 
“SOOTT) - BR BS ee ee heed SRR ep er atisenese San condccsremseote 99 dS ence 1. 00 - 90 
MISA oie nee oan cask caw ashen seh 0 ansainedene Melman men aw eae ee a Fee rf pa =Jaue 
LIS ETSY 72 eS PS ip IE ARE a 99 Bae 525) |i eeee 
Mares , = ani Seosaecices (oe snGeen bases ose s ssessdses sso tsesSsecssacsiase a8 PI NReas . aa 90 
ANT RST Se ae Ee Se ee er 100 |\-- 2.22) soaaee me Ut) ea 
AGiiceece eet cininlalele Hie ee me iotinie De a sce Rice ee Soa meees a sek Seite tes 96 4 10 | 35205) 28 
PPR V AT OUIAD aio cic waeinene ents cles cam Gainciate Son a jamie cielo ele ae eerste fps}: 42 12: 1-1. San see 
Kentucky 92 8 | 10)) 4.360) saeae 
ONT? Se eee : tee 39 61 16 | 1.57 1.33 
PICHIA 2 os cS -nc ee 2. aos 49 51 | 9 | 1.62 1. 40 
Tlinois . SS eee _.-|. 24| 76] 19| 1.52! 124 
Indiana - 49 51 15 | 1.48] 1.28 
Missouri 62 | 38 21)1.52}) L2t 
WGANBAS oe one oa eons cake aoe ae ae Ania e coma heap ee Een a Sea meee ese eene 5d| 45] 16) 1.49} 1.23 
LON Oe eo ee eae ee ee SS ee 51 49 17 | 2056 1.25 
APT OENS ad ins sc teis es aera sie soma oe ot nc coeemen caw canna pe bear 98 pt Baa : 1. 33 eee = 
OED fo ee Peat fo sinia ccna we Searle es aa menehins Meeeeeinc »<aieemsememee mee 81 19 5 | 1.50 1, 21 
= = = —— 
4. Corn and wheat exports of fifty years, 1825 to 1875.—The light space 
on the right of the diagram represents the volume of wheat, the darker 
shade the flour in its equivalent of bushels of wheat. On the left corn 
in bushels is shown, and the darker stripe gives the equivalent of the 
corn-meal exports. It will be seen that the first half of the period is 
credited with less than a fifth of the wheat-exports ; and that the aggre- 
gate of the last quarter of the period is equal to the total shipment of 
the preceding three-fourths. A striking feature of the diagram is the 
remarkable increase in the export of whole wheat. For many years 
