202 
of 74,000, or 23 per cent.” The number of horses imported in 1873 was 
17,822; in 1874, 12,033; in the first ten months of 1875, 23,390. The 
exports were 2,816%in 1873, 3,050 in 1874, and 2,791 in the first ten 
months of 1875. The trade-returns for 1875 showed that the average 
value of English horses exported was $385 per head, while that of those 
imported was only $185 per head. The total number of horses in the 
United Kingdom was estimated 2,790,000, of which 526,000 were in 
Ireland. 
Of the eattle of all descriptions in England the class of small farmers 
held 23 per cent.; the middle class, 57; the large farmers, 20. In 
Wales, the first class, 30 per cent.; the second, 65; the third, 5. In 
Scotland, the first class, 27 per cent.; the second, 57; the third, 16. 
In Great Britain there was a slight decrease in the total number, 
chiefly of young stock, the reduction being ascribed to the effects of the 
dry summer and severe winter of 1874. The number of cows and 
heifers in milk was diminished by only 20,000, being 2,253,000 in 1875 
and 2,273,000 in 1874. The decrease of cattle under two years of age 
amounted to 168,000. ‘In the chief beef-producing class of stock, that 
of cattle of two years of age and above, there was an increase, com- 
pared with 1874, of 76,000, the number in 1875 being 1,585,000.” The 
imports of oxen and cows into the United Kingdom were larger in 1875 
than in either of the two years preceding, numbering, for the first 
eleven months in 1875, 215,000; in 1874, 148,000; in 1875, 151,000. 
The total number of cattle of all ages in the United Kingdom was 
10,162,787. Of these, 6,050,797 were on the smaller islands, and 4,111,990 
in Ireland. 
Of the total number of sheep in England, the class of farmers hold- 
ing less than 50 acres each possessed 9 per cent.; the middle class, 51; 
the class of large farmers, 40; in Wales, the first class, 28 percent; the 
second, 63; the third, 9; in Scotland, the first class, 33 per cent.; the 
second, 44; the third, 23. The greater percentage of sheep on the small 
holdings in Wales and Scotland than in England, is accounted for by 
the fact that in these more hilly countries many of the small farmers 
hold tracts of rough pasture not returned in the area of ‘cultivated 
land.” It is stated that a season which diminishes the supply of green 
food, especially grass, occasions greater proportionate reduction in the 
number of sheep than of cattle. Owing to the dry summer and severe 
winter of 1874, the total number of sheep and, lambs in Great Britain 
was 1,146,000, or about 4 per cent. less in 1875 than in 1874; in Ireland 
the number was 189,000 less. The number dmported into the United 
Kingdom was, in 1875, 938,000; in 1874, 721,000; in 1875, 812,000. 
The total number of sheep and lambs reported for 1875 was 35,491,948, 
of which 4,248,158 were in Ireland. 
The total number of pigs in the United Kingdom was 3,495,167, of 
which 1,249,235 were in Ireland. In Great Britain there had been a 
decrease in the number in each of the last three years, which, in 1875, 
amounted to 193,000, while in Ireland there was an increase of 150,000. 
The tables below give more specific statistics respecting the relative 
extent of different classes of crops and farm-animals. 
