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nations; but, besides these, several smaller expositions by the General 
Government, by separate States, by foreign countries, and by private 
corporations and individuals for the exhibition of their particular prod- 
ucts, either in whole or in part. Of the Centennial Commission build- 
ings, the largest and most striking is the Main Exhibition Hall, 1,880 
feet long, 476 feet wide, and covering, with its various annexes, nearly 
twenty-five acres. This building is devoted to the first three general 
departments of the exhibition, viz: I, Mining and Metallurgy; II, Man- 
ufactures ; III, Education and Science. Department IV, Art, occupies 
a noble structure of marble, erected by the State of Pennsylvania and 
city of Philadelphia, to perpetuate the memory of this illustrious, patri- 
otic, and industrial enterprise, and hence fitly named Memorial Hall. 
Tt is loaned to the Centennial Commission for exhibition purposes, but 
it will remain one of the great centers of art exhibition in ages to come. 
It is 365 feet long and 210 feet wide; with an annex in the rear, it covers 
nearly three acres, and contains an unexpectedly complete representation 
of all the national schools of art in Europe and America. Department V, 
Machinery, occupies an immense building 1,402 feet long and 360 feet 
wide, covering, with its annexes, nearly fifteen acres. Department VI, 
Agriculture, is accommodated in Agricultural Hall, a unique structure 
near the northern apex of the exposition inclosure; it is 826 feet long 
and 540 feet wide, covering ten anda half acres; but the space devoted 
to this class of exhibits is enlarged by several annexes, adding two or 
three acres to the covered area. Besides these accommodations within 
the inclosure, a tract of twenty-one acres outside has been arranged for 
the exhibition of live stock at different times during the exposition. 
Trials of agricultural implements and machinery are arranged at points 
within easy railway access in the neighboring rural districts. Depart- 
ment VII, Horticulture, finds accommodation in a beautiful strueture 
383 feet long, 193 feet wide, and covering one and a half acres. About 
forty acres outside the building have been devoted to out-door plants, 
to garden arrangement and decoration, and to the illustration of differ- 
ent systems of landscape gardening. 
It will be seen, then, that two of the seven general heads of classifica- 
tion pertain to soil production. Several branches of manufacture in 
machinery hall and a large number of products, either in the main hall 
or in buildings of States, corporations, and individuals, would naturally 
come under these heads, especially the extensive exhibit of Kansas and 
some other States. The horticultural exhibition embraces classes num- 
bered from 700 to 739; of these the first ten include ornamental trees, 
shrubs, and flowers; the second ten, hot-houses, conservatories, and 
graperies ; the third ten, garden tools and accessories; the fourth ten, 
garden designing, instruction, and management. The exhibits in this 
department are mostly American. Great Britain contributes two ex- 
hibits of ornamental trees and shrubs; Canada, seven exhibits of gar- 
dening appliances ; France, seventeen exhibits of ornamental shrubbery, 
conservatory and garden appliances, and plans of garden construction 
and arrangement ; the Netherlands, six exhibits of fruit and ornamen- 
tal trees, &c.; Sweden, one exhibit of garden tools; and the Argentine 
Republic, six exhibits of ornamental trees and garden designs. The 
total of foreign exhibits is thirty-nine, and of American, one hundred and 
thirty-nine. The exhibits of this department are arranged in admirable 
. taste, and indicate a great advance in horticulture. The methods of 
garden construction and management, especially in the higher elements 
of design, are well represented. 
The department of agriculture embraces one hundred classes, num- 
