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tive or constructive power, but because economic conditions essential 
to success do not yet exist on this side of the Atlantic. A water-motor 
derived from the mere pressure of a hydrant is shown to be economi- 
eally adapted to light machinery, such as churning, grinding fruit pre- 
paratory to pressure, &c. The old-fashioned wind-motor is exhibited in 
numerous kinds of wind-mills, erected in the rear of Agricultural Hall, 
Their power is tested in raising water from wells into elevated tanks. 
A machine of moderate cost and dimensions will supply enough water 
for a large stock-farm. This motor might also be adapted to a consid- 
erable variety of farm machinery, such as fanning-mills, churning, &e. 
Several devices for meat-chopping are exhibited under this head. Ma- 
chinery for steaming roots, for scalding hogs, for pressing lard, for par- 
ing fruit, for sharpening tools, for making vinegar, for weighing prod- 
ucts, &c., are numerous and varied. 
At the time the observations for this report were made, the dairy 
hall had not been opened, and only a small part of the machinery had 
arrived; consequently no adequate notice of this branch of the Exposi- 
tion can be given. 
Foreign exhibits under the head of machinery, tools, &c., may be 
briefly sammarized. England shows some large and elaborate steam- 
machinery for plowing and other operations of tillage and transporta- 
tion, together with elaborate machinery for grinding wheat into flour. 
Some of this machinery is adapted to the miscellaneous operations of 
the farm, thrashing, cleaning, fanning, pumping, harrowing, chaff and 
straw cutting, &c. Canada shows a considerable list of improvements 
of tillage, harvesting, thrashing, fanning, separating, cleaning, hay and 
reot chopping, cheese-making, cider and wine making, portable and sta- 
tionary steam-engines, &c. France presents very little competition with 
us in contrivances for saving labor in the elementary toils of agriculture. 
She has a few wine and oil presses, corking-apparatus for wine-bottles, 
new contrivances in wine-making, mill-stones, shearing-machines, &c. 
Germany has a few improvements in winnowing, sorting, and grinding 
grain, and in brewing. The Austrian, Dutch, and Swiss catalogues 
show no entries under this head. Belgium has some machinery for 
grinding grain. Sweden has some harvesting implements and machin- 
ery, plows, and dairy utensils and appliances. Norway, with a small 
assortinent of hand-implements, exhibits a mask for killing cattle. Italy 
has a few plows and some harvesting-machinery, with a butter-machine. 
Brazil enters some plows, a machine for preparing coffee, and a filter for 
sugar-distillation. The Argentine catalogue under this head is blank. 
Agricultural engineering and administration—Under this head the 
United States exhibits machines for ditching, road scraping and construc- 
tion, stump-extracting, fence-construction, post-hole digging, ground roll- 
ing and leveling, farm-transportation, wagons, carts, harness, yokes, sleds, 
&e. Many of these contrivances are quite felicitous, dispensing with 
much labor in the heavier farm-work. Farm-buildings for residence, for 
the storage of implements and products, for special farm-operations, 
such as hop-storing, fruit-drying, &c., barns, stables, sheds, abattoirs, 
&c., are represented by drawings and models. Fertilizers are shown in 
innumerable samples by a large number of patent-fertilizer companies. 
The extent of this business, its annually increasing investment of capi- 
tal and labor, cannot fail to astonish persons whose attention has not 
been continuously directed to the subject. A type of numerous very 
large establishments is found in the Pacific Guano Company, of Massa- 
chusetts, which has erected a neat building and is testing the economic 
value of its wares in the growth of flowers and plants on the grounds 
