285 
in all the provinces except Salzburg, Silesia, and Galicia, and especially in 
Dalmatia and Hungary. In Dalmatia the olive constitutes the main sup- 
port of theinhabitants. In the Alpine and Carpathian Mountain regions 
the growth of forests attracts great attention. Nearly a third of the pop- 
ulation is employed in agriculture or forestry. 
The average annual productions from 1868 to 1875 were as follows: 
Wheat, including spelt, 94,783,188 bushels; rye, 109,539,852 bushels ; 
barley, 75,769,794 busheis ; oats, 122,877,606 bushels; maize, 69,810,372 
bushels; buckwheat and millet, 21,851,214 bushels; potatoes, 255,403,800 
bushels ; beans and peas, 8,513,460 bushels ; rape, 207,160,860 bushels ; 
wine, 608,609,400 gallons; timber cut, 7,239,985,000 feet; beet-roots 
and turnips, 8,820,000 pounds; flax and hemp, 330,661,500 pounds ; to- 
baeco, 110,220,500 pounds; hops, 11,022,050 pounds. The Hungarian 
territory produces three-fourths of the wine. Theaverage annual value 
of the grain crops during seven. years ending with 1875 was $470,694,000. 
Of farm animals the monarchy returned 1,430 horses to each one hun- 
dred square miles of area, (the Hungarian territory having 43 per cent. 
larger proportion than the Austrian territory ;) asses, 33; cattle, 5,238 ; 
sheep, 8,290; goats, 638; swine, 2,882; bee-hives, 628. The Hungarian 
territory bad 140 horses for each 1,000 of population ; the Austrian ter- 
ritory 70; the whole monarchy, 99. Of asses and mules the monarchy 
had but 2 per 1,000 of the population; of cattle, 356; of sheep, 564, 
(Hungary baving by far the largest proportion ;) goats, 3; swine, 196; 
bee-hives, 43. The annual consumption of meat in the whole country 
is estimated at 1,323,000,000 pounds; the annual product of milk, at 
2,007,752,800 gallons; of butter, fresh and melted, whey and curds, at 
3,962.670,000 gallons; cheese, 220,473,700 pounds; of wool, 66,142,110 
pounds; average value of annual product of span silk, $3,360,009 ; prod- 
uct of honey, 50,708,951 pounds; bees-wax, 3,307,105 pounds. The 
average total value of agricultural products of all kinds is estimated at 
$1,152,000,000 per annum. 
The mineral resources of the monarchy are rich. Gold is found in 
Hungary and Transylvania, and silver in both these countries and in 
Bohemia. Jron-ore is mined in all the provinces, especially Styria, Ca- 
rinthia, Hungary, Bohemia, and Moravia. Carinthia yields quicksilver 
and lead; western Galicia and Carniola, zine; the Erzegebirge range 
in Bohemia, tin; Bohemia and Moravia, graphite; Galicia, sulphur. 
Coal is mined in large quantities in Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Salzburg, 
and Bukowina. Rock-salt or brine-salt, is produced in nearly all parts 
of the monarchy. According to the last general census, 154,455 persons 
were employed in mining, of which 104,342 were in the Austrian terri- 
tory and 50,143 in the Hungarian. The produce of salt-mining alone is 
estimated at $50,000,000 per aunum. The largest mining yields were 
in 1874, embracing 330,000 tous of iron, 2,800 of zine 6,700 of lead and 
litharge, 900 of sulphur, 1,800 of alum, 280,000 of salt, 7,500,000 of all 
sorts of coal. 
The consumption of coal for manufacturing increased from 500,000 
tons in 1839 to 8,000,000 in 1875, and the abundant water-power of the 
country has been brought into extensive use. The mannfacturing inter- 
est has been most largely developed in Boheinia, Moravia, Silesia, and 
Lower Austria. 
It is estimated that about 8,000,000 persons gain a livelihood, in 
whole or part, by manufacturing. At the date of the last census, De- 
cember 31, 1869, there were in the whole empire 298,113 employés in 
the building trade and productions of art, of which number 235,510 were 
in the Austrian territory, and the remainder in the Hungarian territory ; 
