427 
per acre; maize, 4,192,253 acres, producing 88,251,466 bushels, or 21.05 
bushels per acre; rice, 574,948 acres, producing 27,862,168 bushels, or 
48.46 bushels per acre; oats, 985,057 acres, producing 21,123,502 bushels, 
or 21.44 bushels per acre; rye and barley, 1,148,517 acres, producing 
19,005,698 bushels, or 16.5 bushels per acre; other cereals, 1,516,034 ~ 
acres, producing 15,871,754 bushels, or 10.47 bushels per acre ; grapes, 
4,619,226 acres, producing 77,008,600 bushels, or 16.67 bushels per acre; 
olives, 2,224,759 acres, producing 14,189,100 bushels, or 6.3 bushels per 
acre. The product of potatoes amounts to 7,049,879 quintals; hemp, 
959,177 quintals; flax, 254,057 quintals. 
These statistics are gathered according to a regularsystem, embracing 
all the leading agricultural facts of the country. This report is the 
inauguration of a regular system of reports embracing all the elements 
of production, and all the data attainable from the study of the agricul- 
tural resources of Italy. Pastoral industry will hold an important place 
in these publications. 
In spite of apparently favorable conditions pastoral industry has not 
been remarkably productive. This fact has been a subject of anxious 
consideration, both by the ministry of agriculture and the regional and 
other conferences. Efforts are being made, under authority of the 
government, for the improvement of horses, cattle, and sheep. In 1875, 
the government had at its disposal but 277 stallions, which served 9,711 
mares, averaging about 35 each. Asses and mules seem to retrograde, 
while cattle present an appreciable and steady amelioration. The 
latter result is attributed to greater care in breeding and to more gen- 
erous feeding and treatment. Last year the minister of agriculture im- 
ported from Holland five horned cattle, of which four were pregnant, 
and placed them in theexperimental zootechnic establishment at Reggio 
@Emilia, to breed with English cattle. The points of improvement 
sought pertain to qualities enhancing the flesh and milk-product. 
Sheep and swine have also received very perceptible improvement. 
The errors of the previous administration, as well as its successful at- 
tempts, have been carefully studied, and practical lessons therefrom 
fully appropriated. 
Domestic silk-worm production seems to be increasing from the fact 
that in 1875 the producers purchased from abroad 199,000 fewer cartons 
than in 1874. There are 39 special observatories of silk-worms in the 
country, at the head of which is that of Padua. These institutions, by 
the results of their investigations, have largeiy contributed to the ad- 
vance in sericulture that has taken place within a few years past. 
Apiculture has also made perceptible advances. 
The division of old feudal properties into modern freeholds marks an 
important transition in Italian agriculture. In the southern provinces 
alone 1,117,313 acres of feudal lands have passed into the hands of 
223,398 peasant proprietors, in tracts averaging less than five acres each. 
This social revolution is accompanied by works of irrigation and gen- 
eral improvement on the grandest scale. The result of the increased 
power of production just called forth will make itself felt in the imme- 
diate future. 
VITICULTURAL STATISTICS OF HUNGARY.—Mr. Charles Keléti, chief 
of the Royal Hungarian Bureau of Statistics, has published a résumé of 
the late statistical inquiries into the status of the vine-growing and wine- 
making interestsin Hungary. He claims that the statistical method of 
Hungary is superior to that of other European states in the extent and 
thoroughness of the inquisition and the clearer and less antiquated 
