430 
last of October even to the middle of November. The leading object 
here is to make sweet wines. The mature grapes are either pulled off the 
vines singly or they are selected from the bunches spread out on a 
table or board. This wine is very sweet and aromatic, but is deficient 
in alcohol. The famous Szamorodni, the product of grapes from which 
the mature fruit has not been.culled out, is lesssweet, but more heady, 
with a delicious bouquet. The vineyards of the agricultural society of 
Kolozsvar show the fgllowing results: Transylvavian vine-stocks pro- 
duce must ranging from 17 to 22 per cent. of sugar and from 6 to 10 per 
cent. of acid; Hungarian, from 18 to 21.4 per cent.-of sugar and from 6 
to 10.9 per cent. of acid; German, from 19 to 21.5 per cent. of sugar and 
from 5 to 8.6 per cent. of acid; French, from 18.1 to 21.7 per cent. of 
sugar and from 5 to 8.5 per cent. of acid. Transylvanian vine-stocks 
average 20.20 per cent. of sugar and 7.8 per cent. of acid; Hungarian, 
19.91 per cent. of sugar and 7.97 per cent. of acid; German, 20.07 per 
cent. of sugar and 6.9 per cent. of acid; French, 20.64 per cent. of sugar 
and 6.4 per cent. of acid. 
In Hungary there are 173,212 wine-presses; 29,252 on the left bank 
of the Danube average 697 gallons ef wine per annum ; 120,057 on the 
right bank of the Danube, 247 gallons; 9,709 on the right bank of the 
Theiss, 875 gallons; 14,194 on the left bank of the Theiss, 1,466 gallons. 
In Transylvania 19,963 presses average 504 gallons. In Fiume but one 
press is reported. In Croatia and Slavonia 36,007 presses average 450 
gallons, and in the military frontier 2,973 presses average about 1,350 
gallons. 
According to official statistics, the average annual wine-product of the 
Hungarian monarchy, for twelve years ending with 1872, was about 
3,996,576 hectoliters, or 105,580,744 gallons, of which 61,679,037 gallons 
were white wines, 17,684,815 gallons red wines, and the remainder, 
26,216,879 gallons, rosy or light red wines. Of the general aggregate, 
Hungary proper produces over three-fourths, Croatia and Slavonia about 
16 per,cent., Transylvania about 5 per cent., and nearly all the remainder 
in the provinces designated as the military frontier. Nearly half of 
the whole product is reported in those comitats of Hungary proper 
which lie in the valley of the Danube. 
The conditions of wine production in the Hungarian monarchy are so 
varied that it is difficult absolutely to designate the best wine year of 
the twelve ending with 1872. The year 1868 presents the largest yield, 
140,325,682 gallons, and 1866 the Smallest, 52,943,913 gallons. The year 
1868 was the best year in the Hungarian comitats on the right bank of 
the Danube and on both banks of the Theiss; 1867, in Croatia, Escla- 
vonia and Fiume ; 1862, in Transylvania ; 1870, in the military frontier, 
‘and 1871, on the right bank of the Danube./ For white wines, through- 
out the monarchy the best and worst years were 1868 and 1864; for red 
wines, 1868 and 1866; for rosy wines, 1867 and 1866. 
The sweet wines demand special notice. Of these the average prod- 
uct of twelve years ending in 1872 is stated by official figures at 
283,371 gallons, of which 99 per cent. were produced in Hungary 
proper. This branch of production, however, is very fluctuating, rang- 
ing from 84,600 gallons in 1871 to 681,750 gallons in 1868. That is, the 
maximum production is nearly nine times the minimum and nearly three 
times the average. Only twenty-one comitats of the fifty-four in Hun- 
gary proper, eight of twenty-six in Transylvania, three of eight in Cro- 
atia and Slavonia, and one regiment of the military frontier, Petervarad, 
produce this class of wine. The comitats producing the greatest quan- 
tities are all in Hungary. Zemplén sometimes produces from 260,000 
