432 
instead of having a surplus, is a large consumer of foreign wines. Both 
the imports and the exports of wine have largely increased of late years. 
M. Keléti presents some interesting facts in regard to the social con- 
dition of the viticultural population, and the energy and intelligence 
with which the ravages of insect and fungoid enemies, especially the 
oidium tuckeri and the phylloxera vastatrix, are resisted. In a compari- 
son of Hungarian statistics with that of other European countries, he 
finds a large number of errors in the public estimation of this great 
branch of production. The results of this industry are mostly over- 
stated. Doubtless a more accurate system of statistics will soon be 
inaugurated in this as well as in other branches of agricultural produc- 
tion. 
THELEMARK CATTLE OF NORWAY.—The Thelemark race is probably 
the only national breed found in Norway. Itis a well-defined mountain- 
race, and is found in its most characteristic development in the upper 
districts of Siljiord, Hivideseid, &c. The Thelemarks have a small car- 
cass, full-grown cows rarely exceeding 650 or 750 pounds per head in their 
native habitat, but they have been observed to increase in sizeand weight 
when placed at an early age upon more luxuriant pastures or when fur- 
nished with more nutritious food. At the chief farm at Ladegaardsoen 
they have attained a weight of 1,000 pounds. From midsummer till 
the middle of September mountain-pastures are quite luxuriant, but 
the animals are unprotected from the occasional very low temperature 
of the nights. Graziers are tempted by the abundant supply of summer 
pasture to graze more animals than they can: provide for during winter. 
This causes a small yield of milk during the cold season, and a thin, 
impoverished condition in the spring. 
The Thelemarks are of slender form, small head, with well-shaped 
horns, sprightly movement, and bright skin coloring, varying from white 
to dark red, with spots and brindles. The horns are remarkably trans- 
parent, regularly curved outward and a little forward, the points rang- 
ing from 24 to 30 inches apart. The eyes are large and lively, nostrils 
large, ears thin, neck long, back straight, body well rounded, and hind 
quarters thin. 
This breed has fine milking qualities. On the chief farm at Lade- 
gaardsoen it has been for several years superseding other breeds. One 
of these cows, weighing less than 800 pounds, averaged about 685 gallons 
per annum during the three years 1868-70, or about 9 pounds of milk 
per annum for each pound of live weight. It is noticeable that these cows 
do not yield so abundantly immediately after calving—seldom over 34 
gallons per day—but their yield is more uniform, and their intervening 
periods of dryness are comparatively short. The flow of milk increases 
with the age of the cow. Like other good milk-breeds, the Thelemarks 
are liable to calving-fever, and hence should be kept on low diet for 
some time before and after calving. 
Great efforts have been made for the improvement of this breed by. 
more careful selection of breeding animals and by better keeping. Every 
year, in autumn, a cattle-show is held at Siljiord, at which prizes are 
distributed and lectures given by men skilled in breeding. This occa- 
sion has also been improved for the sale and purchase of animals, by the 
establishment of a regular market. The anxiety felt in regard to the 
purchase of prize animals by foreigners, and their consequent loss to the 
country, has been dissipated by the increasing number of fine animals on 
exhibition. It is found that the general interest in the matter of im- 
provement and the more general effort of farmers has enlarged the 
number of superior cattle far more than sufficient to make good the 
