495 
average about 110,236,000 pounds of uncarded wool, 4,400,000 pounds of 
combed wool, and 6,600,000 pounds of what is called “artificial” wool—a 
synonym for shoddy. Of spun wool she receives from 30,000,000 to 
32,000,000 pounds not colored and 4,500,000 pounds colored; of tissues 
and felt about 11,000,000 pounds, fulled but not printed, and about half 
that quantity not fulled. Her import of upholstery and other manufac- 
tures is small. The export of unmanufactured wool shows a wide range 
of variation, amounting to about 40,000,000 pounds in 1872, 26,000,000 
in 1873, and 48,000,000 in 1874. Combed woo] shows less fluctuation, 
averaging about 550,000 pounds per annum, and shoddy 16,500,000 
pounds. Unmixed wools average 11,000,000 pounds; tissues, fulled but 
not colored, ranged from’11,500,000 pounds to 16,000,000 pounds; tissues, 
not fulled, from 14,850,000 pounds to 18,260,000 pounds. The exports 
include about 1,760,000 pounds of wool in upholstery, and 1,100,000 to 
1,210,000 pounds in other small wares. 
Germany in combing-wool fabrics finds her most formidable rival in 
France, which has easy access to the original supply markets for raw 
material, large accumulations of capital, and an abundance of skilled 
labor. Many German weavers have their wool spun in France. This 
branch of manufacture has but lately been inaugurated in Belgium, but 
it is developing rapidly, and promises soon to invade the German mar- 
kets if no further tariff-duties be imposed. Switzerland, with an abun- 
_ dance of cheap labor and unused natural motive-power, also sends spun 
wool to Germany. Austria and Russia are both dependent upon Ger- 
many and Alsace for spun wool. Carpet manufacture was inaugurated 
in 1854 under a strong tariff protection, and so long as that policy was 
maintained this industry flourished, but since its abrogation English 
carpets have measurably driven German carpets from their own home 
markets. The tariff question in Germany is beset by the claims of con- 
flicting interests both at home and abroad, and the reports cited by M. 
Block attest the confusion in which the subject is involved. 
