501 
Australia bas 1,396 and New Zealand 151, making, for Oceanica, 
1,547. 
“In Africa, Egypt has constructed 1,107 ; Algeria, 319; Cape of Good 
Hope and Natal, 66; Mauritius, 66—total for Africa, 1,588 miles. 
In North America, the United States has 79,988 miles; Canada, 4,002 ; 
Mexico, 333; Cuba, 334; Jamaica, 26; Costa Rica, 42; Honduras, 52— 
total for North America, 84,817. 
In South America, Columbia has 50 miles; Bolivia, 28; Venezuela, 8; 
Brazil, 786; Paraguay, 43; Uruguay, 358; Argentine Republic, 1,367 ; 
Chili, 753; Peru, 994—total for South America, 4,387. 
Grand total for the world, 181,151. 
CoTTON MANUFACTURE AND CONSUMPTION IN THE WORLD.—A 
writer in the EHconomiste Francais estimates, in round numbers, the 
spindles in the cotton-factories of Hurope and America, with their 
average annual consumption of cotton, as follows: England, 35,000,000 
spindles, consuming 1,264,000,000 pounds of cotton; United States, 
9,859,000 spindles and 563,000,000 pounds; France, 5,200,000 spindles 
and 197,000,000 pounds; Germany, 5,100,000 spindles and 228,000,000 
pounds: Switzerland, 2,500,000 spindles and 56,000,000 pounds; Russia, 
2,000,000 spindles and 120,000,000 pounds; Austria, 1,660,000 spindles 
and 106,000,000 pounds ; Spain, 1,400,000 spindles and 67,000,000 pounds ; 
Belgium, 650,000 and 27,000,000 pounds; Italy, 500,000 spindles and 
14,000,000 pounds; Denmark, 300,000 spindles and 18,000,000 pounds; 
Holland, 250,000 spindles and 9,000,000 pounds; total, 64,089,000 spin- 
dles and 2,669,000,000 pounds. 
This estimate assigns to England 54.61 per cent. of the spindles and 
47.36 per cent. of the consumption; to the United States, 14.96 per cent. 
of the spindles and 21.09 per cent. of the consumption ; to France, 8.11 
per cent. of the spindles and 7.38 per cent. of the consumption; to Ger- 
many, 7.95 per cent. of the spindles and 8.54 per cent. of the consump- 
tion. 
The average annual consumption of each spindle throughout the 
world is 41.64 pounds; in England, 36.11; the United States, 58.7; 
France, 36.32; Germany, 44.71; Switzerland, 22.40 ; Russia, 60; Aus- 
tria, 66.25; Spain, 47.85; Belgium, 41.54; Italy, 28; Denmark, 60; Hol- 
land, 36. 
Ellison & Co., in their annual review of the cotton-trade for the 
season of 1875~76, state that the number of spindles in the United 
Kingdom, at the close of 1874, was 37,515,000, not including doubling 
spindles; from 1,250,000 to 1,500,000 have been added since, raising the 
aggregate to about 39,000,000; a large number of the old spindles have 
been replaced by new ones. They estimate the amounts of cotton de- 
livered to the spinners and actually consumed by them as follows: 
1872~73, 1,280,640,000 pounds delivered and 1,227,453,000 pounds actu- 
ally consumed, leaving a surplus of 53,187,000 pounds; 1873~74, 
1,240,706,000 pounds delivered and 1,259,836,000 pounds consumed, 
leaving a surplus of consumption 19,130,000 pounds, to be deducted 
from the surplus delivery of the preceding year; 1874~75, 1,198,838,000 
pounds delivered and 1,224,377,000 pounds consumed, making a still 
further draw upon the surplus of 1872~73 of 25,539,000 pounds; 
1875~76, delivery and consumption, each estimated at 1,270,287,000, 
leaving a surplus delivery of 8,518,000 pounds yet unconsumed. 
- The number of spindles and the consumption of cotton on the conti- 
nent are estimated by Ellison & Co. as follows; Russia and Poland, 
2,500,000 spindles and 150,000,000 pounds of cotton, averaging 60 
pounds per spindle; Sweden and Norway, 305,000 spindles and 
19,825,000 pounds, averaging 65 pounds per spindle; Germany, 4,650,000 
