22 MEMOIRS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 
striped on the back and upper tail coverts with deep brown. Each feather (includ-. 
ing the scapularies, the tertiaries and most of the wing coverts) is centrally clove 
brown, merging into an outer zone of sepia or vandyke, broadly edged (narrowly 
on the crown) with gray which, on the inner webs of the median feathers of the 
crown, on the back, and on the tertiaries, becomes conspicuously ashy white and 
forms two obscure wing-bars at the tips of the greater and median coverts. The 
coverts and the outer webs of the scapularies, tertiaries and secondaries, are tinged 
with pale russet. Quill-feathers of the wings and tail deep hair brown above, paler 
below, the two outer rectrices slightly paler than the rest, the shafts lighter colored, 
the webs (chiefly the outer) narrowly edged with ashy white. Under parts white, 
streaked rather broadly with brown along the sides from the bill to the tail and on 
the breast, giving the effect of spotting when the plumage is disarranged. The 
individual feathers have central linear spots of clove brown that merge into narrow 
zones of russet-tinged vandyke. A conspicuously dark, submalar streak is continued 
along the sides in two fairly definite lines that are supplemented by others on the 
breast, where they aggregate into an obscure central blotch, the entire inner web 
of some of the median feathers being of a rusty brown. ‘The chin and jugulum are 
immaculate and, together with a malar stripe, broadening posteriorly, are pure white. 
A dark brown rictal streak curves upward towards a paler postocular line. The 
auriculars are ashy or brown-tinged; the lores paler. A broad superciliary line is 
canary yellow, becoming ashy posteriorly. The orbital ring is whitish, more or less 
tinged with yellow. Lining of wing and longer under tail coverts (the shorter are 
entirely white and conceal the others) white with dusky shaft streaks. Bend of wing 
tinged with yellow, which sometimes also suffuses the lesser external coverts. Tibia 
pale vandyke. Legs, in fresh specimen, yellowish or brownish flesh-color, fading in 
time to a pale yellowish buff. Feet darker, especially at the joints. Bill in fresh 
specimens: upper mandible bluish black, grayish or yellowish along posterior two 
thirds of the edge, fading in time to a blackish brown; lower mandible bluish gray 
at tip, becoming a pale flesh brown posteriorly, and flesh-color at the base, fading 
in time to a yellowish buff. Iris deep hazel brown. ‘The sexes are alike in plumage 
differing only in relative size. 
During the breeding season, the plumage becoming much abraded, the pale 
edgings of the feathers are lost to such an extent that the birds, instead of appearing, 
like most species, paler and faded, are really darker, and the streakings are sharper, 
than at any other season of the year. The yellow over the eye, acquired late in the 
spring moult, is equally intense in both sexes, although the individual intensity is 
variable. The feathers of the lower parts are white only at their extremities, and 
if disarranged easily show the mouse-gray of their proximal portion. 
Adults in autumn. Above hoary, even grayer than in spring dress, owing to the 
broad ashy edgings of the feathers. The russet on the wings is a little more pro- 
nounced, the vandyke zone of the dorsal feathers is broader, and the superciliary 
line is ashy white or only faintly tinged with yellow. Beneath, a slight buffy cast 
prevails except on the chin, abdomen, and lower tail coverts, and the streakings 
are suffused, and paler and rustier than in spring. ‘This effect is due largely to a 
wider zone of the vandyke and to the long, veiling, white margins of the feathers. 
