130 On Wild Garlick. 
that I shall not meet with my usual success in my wheat 
crop; if it does not far exceed that of any oat farmer’s. 
On the pea fallow, Iam particularly confident; and 
will throw into the scale of competition against me, all 
loss in the pea crop. Accidents and misfortunes disap- 
point the best founded hopes. But these alike assail the 
crops of others, as well as mine. Independent of the 
views of the subject as they relate to the extirpation of 
garlick, I am convinced, by long experience, that, with 
fall and early spring ploughings, more will be gained 
in the winter grain without oats on the fallow, than the: 
crop of the latter grain is worth, in a general course of 
seasons and prices. It isin my opinion, though a very 
common, yet not the less injurious mistake; that the 
operation of breaking up or ploughing for a winter crop, 
is the last performed in the fore part of the season when 
it should be the first. Before either ley or stalk fields 
(as those are called which have had corn in the pre- 
ceding season) are turned up, the garlick and weeds of 
all kinds grow strong and unconquerable.—They are 
easily killed, if attacked by early ploughing. It has been 
my constant habit to plough early, deep, and often. I 
never sow wheat with less than four ploughings; and 
three are the usual number with most other farmers. I 
have never yet failed to perceive the great advantage of 
ploughing in the fall. This operation should in general 
be the deepest, 1. e. from five to seven inches ; because 
the raw or barren earth turned up to the winter, is ame- 
liorated by exposure in that season without exhaustion; 
which is not the case with naked summer fallows.—But 
the fall ploughing of a garlick ley should be shallow, i. e. 
not to exceed three or four inches; and it should be 
