190 On Oat Pasture, 
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_ been ploughed for upwards of 20 years, and of course 
a great body of rubbish and. roots were ploughed in, 
after the briar-hook. and grubbing-hoe had smoothed 
the surface. Spreading of manure in the autumn, from 
the compost bed, has also been introduced with uni- 
versal success, both upon grain and grass fields, the 
lye or salts, of the manure, being carried into the soil 
by the rains upon the breaking up of the frosts, which 
have in some measure prepared the soil to receive it. 
High agricultural authorities, even bottomed on accu- 
rate observation, are opposed to the practice of spread- 
ing out manure in autumn; amongst these we find the 
justly celebrated Lord Kaims, in his gentleman farmer, 
a work upon first principles, and deservedly of the high- 
est authority. A departure from his judgment is only 
-to be allowed, where facts would censure silence ; nor 
should his name have been mentioned, unless to avoid 
the charge of writing without attending to what has 
been said on that subject; it is no conclusive objection 
that “the strength of the manures, will be carried off 
by winter rains, or exhausted by the frost :’? are not 
the warm showers more so, and are not the exhalations 
more copious in a warm than ina cold temperature ; is 
the descending of the sap in trees no monitor, as to the 
season for spreading out manures, and about the ope- 
rations of nature, for renewing, and invigorating, the 
process of vegetation. | 
Briar-bushes, and all vegetable substances have been 
» covered up with earth, rotted and used with the same 
success, as stable manure, and so far, and so long, as 
they separate parts of the soil and admit the air, they 
fertilize and change the colour of the mould. These 
