^^* The Microscope. 



in the horse, but no longitudinal bands are present. There are two 

 layers of flat spirals, which cross at an acute angle. 



Both Franck and Gurlt (8) call attention to the fact that fat is 

 frequently deposited between these spirals. 



ARRANGEMENT OP THE FIBRES.* 

 Horse.— The muscular coat of the CBsophagus commences in 

 the horse at the caudal part of the pharynx, by two small bundles 

 given off from the inferior constrictor of the pharynx, and by two 

 bands arising from the caudal border of the arytenoid cartilage 

 (authors.) From these fibres two layers are formed, but they cannot 

 be styled ectal and ental, as fibres that are at one place ectal are at 

 another place ental, and vice versa. The fibres of the two layers 

 form two spirals, which run in opposite directions around the 

 oesophagus. Upon the dorsal and ventral walls the two spirals 

 decussate. Those fibres that were ectal up to this time become 

 ental, and the ental become ectal. It is, therefore, evident that in 

 each passage around the cesophagus one-half of the length of the 

 spirals are ectal and the other half ental. On the ventral wall the 

 spirals, in meeting, form an angle with the apex pointing toward the 

 stomach, while on the dorsal wall the apex, of necessity, points 

 towards the pharynx. 



Some of the fibres that are ectal unite on the ventral and 

 dorsal aspects to form two longitudinal bands that extend from the 

 pharynx two-thirds of the distance to the stomach. At this point 

 their fibres become lost in the spirals, which gradually become less 

 regular, until the typical spiral arrangement can be seen in but a 

 few places. The longitudinal bands do not remain in the meson 

 and cover the line of decussation at all points, but in places becomes 

 more lateral. 



Swine.— In the hog the muscular coat is also made up of two 

 spiral layers, which decussate upon the ventral and the dorsal 

 walls. The line of decussation is quite distinct upon the dor- 

 sal wall for the first one-third. On the ventral wall for the same 

 distance, the place of crossing shows only in part, as some of the 

 fibres do not cross at this point, and by passing over, the line of 

 decussation is hid from view. By removing these fibres, the 

 crossing place can be plainly seen. Canded of the first one-third 

 until S-12 cm. from the stomach, some of the fibres become very 

 much inclined, and extend longitudinally along the dorsal and 

 ventral aspects of the oesophagus, covering the line of demarcation. 



* The following discussion does not refer to the Muscularis mucosce. 



