The Microscope. 237 



For a full exposition of this opinion, I refer the reader to Car- 

 noy's work. 



Let lis now see how these terms can be brought into harmony 

 with those used by other authors. Some writers on the cell say 

 that protoplasm is composed of hyaloplasm and microsomata. 

 What Carnoy calls reticulum represents a portion of the hyaline 

 and fundamental mass in which it is immersed and enclosed^ 

 and which is that portion of the enchylema of Carnoy serving 

 as a sub-stratum for the granules or microsomata. 



What Hanstein calls enchylema with its microsomata repre- 

 sents only a portion of the enchylema of Carnoy, for besides 

 that granular, fluid portion sometimes circulating along the 

 threads or plastic sac, there is often also a layer of the hyaline 

 mass of variable thickness on the plates or threads of the fibrous 

 portion of protoplasm which also forms a part of the enchylema 

 of Carnoy. Hanstein's enchylema therefore represents only the 

 more fluid portion with the granules of Carney's enchylema^ 

 and excludes the more or less viscous portion closely adhering 

 to the threads of the reticulum ; this latter portion also belongs 

 to the enchylema of Carnoy. 



The reticulum of Carnoy corresponds to the mitom of Flem- 

 ming, and to the protoplasm of Kupfer, and Carnoy's enchy- 

 lema corresponds to the paramitom and paralasma of the same 

 authors. 



The term reticulum is more correct than that of mitom as used 

 by Femming, because the latter originally means the weft of a 

 weaver, and therefore does not necessarily imply the idea of 

 union between the various threads so as to constitute a true net- 

 work ; moreover, the term mitom reminds one too much of the 

 terms stereom, hadrom and leptom used only to signify certain 

 vegetable tissues. 



Be it stated here then, once for all, that the enchylema is as 

 essential a part of living matter as is the reticulum, and both be- 

 long essentially to the protoplasm ; this is important to bear in 

 mind, since the term protoplasm will always be employed ta 

 signify living matter in general. Each of the constituents of pro- 

 toplasm has its own chemical composition and also its own 

 physiological function and is, moreover, morphologically distinct. 



II. Chemical composition of protoplasm. — Concerning the 

 ultimate and even the proximate chemical composition of pro- 



