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aa. Length 10 inches or less, 

 b. Crown or whole head red. 

 Only the crown red, 



Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. 

 Whole head red, Red-headed Woodpecker. 



bb. Little or no red on head. 



Length 9-10 inches. Hairy Woodpecker. 



Length 6-7 inches. Downy Woodpecker. 



Group in. Four-toed Birds, the toes not in pairs. 



1. Front toes fully webbed. 

 A. Edges of mandibles with teeth-like projections. 



a. Length over 3(3 inches, Canada Goose. 



aa. Length under 31 inches, 

 b. Bill broad and flattened, 

 c. Bill twice as wide at tip as at base, 



Shoveller Duck. 

 cc. Bill not as above, 

 d. Length over 18 inches, 

 e. Tail rounded. 



Length 26-28 inches. Brant. 



Length 22-24 inches, Dusky Duck. 



Length 18-20 inches. Wood Duck. 



ee. Tail not rounded. Pin-tail Duck. 



dd. Length under 16 inches. 



Wing coverts sky-blue, Blue-winged Teal. 

 Wing coverts not blue, Green-winged Teal. 

 bb. Bill narrow, nearly cylindrical, 

 c. Head with large, more or less semi-circular crest. 



Hooded Merganser. 

 cc. No such crest. 



Nostrils near middle of bill. 



Common Merganser. 



