PROGRESS OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. Ill 



Jastrowitz, and Boll ; his description is entirely in consonance with 

 that of these writers, and he arrives independently of them at the 

 result, that a peculiar intimate connection exists between the vascular 

 walls and the Deiters' cells, as in these cases their processes are 

 peculiarly well pronounced. 



LubimofF found the Deiters' cells most abundant in the inner 

 layers of the grey matter bordering on the medullary substance, and 

 on the outer layer contiguous to the pia mater ; in which position 

 they were so numerous, that the normal appearances of the structures 

 were lost, and their place taken by the felt-like network, which, as in 

 the case of the cerebellum previously described, can only be ascribed 

 to the interlacement in various directions of the processes of the 

 Deiters' cells. 



The morbid changes of the nerve cells are placed imder two heads ; 

 they are liable either to a degree of swelling and subsequent collapse, 

 or to a tendency to sclerosis. In the first case, the changes of the 

 nuclei consist in dilatation of the nucleus and diminution of the 

 quantity of the " surrounding protoplasm " ; occasionally the nucleus 

 subdivides so that two are found in one cell, and are not readily 

 amenable to carmine, which Hofl&nan already has shown to be charac- 

 teristic of the morbid ganglion-cell. Meynert considers that the 

 protoplasm of such cells shows different degrees of molecular degene- 

 ration. The sclerosis of the cells changes them into a homogeneous 

 wax-like mass, in which the nucleus is no longer to be distinguished, 

 but occasionally the nucleolus. The protoplasm of such cells loses its 

 normally fine granular ajipearance, the cells appear strongly refracting, 

 with sharjjly defined dark contours. The changes in the axis-cylinders 

 found by Lubimoff consist in thickening and hypertrophy. 



It is deduced from these anatomical facts that as regards the 

 pathological processes in general paralysis, the origin of the physical 

 disturbances is to be sought for in the anomalies of blood- distribution 

 and its consequences. With the incidence of hyperaemia begin the 

 changes in the nutrition of the nuclei of neuroglia, which leads to an 

 increased development of theii- elements, which, in their tiu'n, take on 

 morbid action. This is proved by the modification of the morbid 

 appearances, according to the length of time during which the case 

 has lasted. The treatise concludes with deductions as to how the 

 clinical symptoms of the individual cases are explicable by their 

 special anatomical conditions. Lubimoff agrees with Westjihal that 

 disease of the cord is a constant accompaniment of general paralysis ; 

 but he differs from him and Simon in holding that the disease can exist 

 without pathological changes in the brain. On the contrary, he 

 endeavours to establish a chronic inflammatory condition of the con- 

 nective tissue of the cortical substance as the anatomical lesion of 

 general paralysis. — See also ' Medical Eecord.' 



Hay-fever, its Microscojjy and Treatment. — This has been very well 

 discussed by Professor Binz of Bonn in a letter recently addi-essed to 

 ' Nature.' He says, " From what I have observed of recent English 

 publications on the subject of hay-fever, I am led to suppose that 



