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the side of the case. The instant it had done so the cilia flashed 
round in a grand whirl, and in a second the whole animal glided 
swiftly through the opening. I had seen the testis and penis, and 
the entire absence of teeth or stomach, and could safely say now 
that Floscularia Campanulata was dioecious. Soon after I saw 
another newly-hatched male attempt the same means of exit into 
the world from the other tube. But he was not so fortunate. 
Whether the case were tougher or the young one weaker it is hard 
to say, but I watched the poor fellow working away till he was 
fairly exhausted ; and then he crept back to the side of his mother, 
and died. Fig. 5 is a portrait after death of this unlucky 
Floscule. 
The dioecious character of at least one of the Floscules, to wit 
Campanulata , and also of one of the Melicertans, viz. Lacinularia 
socialis, having been thus established, it is worth while to revert to 
Professor Huxley’s argument, to state it a little more amply than I 
have done already, and to show how it is affected by these two dis- 
coveries of male Kotifers. 
The argument is as follows. The Kotifers have a nervous 
ganglion (their only one) situated on what is usually called the 
dorsal surface of the body, and in one group of Kotifers — viz. that 
of the free-swimmers, creepers, and Floscules — the trochal disk has 
been so unsymmetrically developed as to thrust the mouth to the 
opposite side of the body from that on which the ganglion lies, and 
the anus to the same side as the ganglion ; while in another group 
— viz. that of the Melicertans — the disk has been so developed as 
to push the mouth to the same side as the ganglion, but the anus 
to the opposite side. Moreover, “ so far as the sexes of the Kotifera 
can be considered to be made out (approximatively) the dioecious 
forms belong” to the first group, and the monoecious to the second. 
“ It is this circumstance,” says the Professor, “ which seems to me 
to throw so clear a light upon the position of the Kotifera in the 
animal series. In a report in which I have endeavoured to har- 
monize the researches of Professor Muller upon the Echinoderms, 
I have shown that the same proposition holds good of the latter in 
their larval state, and hence I do not hesitate to draw the conclu- 
sion (which at first sounds somewhat startling) that the Botifera 
are the permanent forms of Echinoderm larvse, and hold the same 
relation to the Echinoderms that the Hydriform Polypi hold to the 
Medusae, or that Appen dicularia holds to the Ascidians.” 
There are other weighty arguments in the same paper for 
placing the Kotifera among the Vermes, but this is one' on which, 
as will be seen from the above extract, Professor Huxley lays great 
stress, and which the discovery of the male of Lacinularia socialis 
weakens considerably. For now it has been shown that dioecious 
Kotifers exist among those whose anus is on the opposite side to 
