101 
7 
increasing the rations of food. In 1860 all poor milkers were discarded and 
their places supplied by superior Dutch breeds.. The following figures show 
the increase of milk from cows of pure Dutch pedigree : 
1860. 1863. 1865. 
Cow No. 4, quarts of milk ........ _ eae 3, 636 4, 570 4, 960 
Gow Nest iquaris of milk 5 5s oe eo 3, 640 4, 440 4,710 
Gow Nova, gearinob milk. 2.6 J welese cae. sss 3, 804 4,180 4, 620 
Cow No. 18, quarts of milk ..... Spb Oe eee 3, 550 4,438 4, 490 
Cow incu, quaisof milk ......<.52-5--.-- 2, 804 3.975 4, 365 
Gay erect, quarts of milk .. 2.022258: 2... 3, 293 4, 483 4, 800 
eto g. quarts.of milk . 2.525 22225525048) So. 4, 422 5, O16 
Memeeeter > (Qunttis Of milk 35.05 2eecqe eee | et ee 4,768 5, 009 
MuneNe2i, quarts of milk .. 20.0022. 656026 ee 5, 092 4,900 
Then in gradually increasing the amount and quality of food the yield ot 
milk is increased as a natural consequence. Mr. H. thinks he has not yet at- 
tained the maximum of feeding, hence not the highest yield of milk. 
DECREASE IN SIZE OF EUROPEAN FARMS. 
With the increase of population comes the division of estates and the reduc- 
tion in the rent of individual holdings of real estate. The French especially 
have suffered from the minute division and subdivision of paternal acres, tend- 
ing to an uneconomical culture, the neglect of machinery and disuse of domestic 
animals as a motive power in agriculture. European governments are becoming 
alive to the evils of too minute subdivisions on the one hand, and to those of 
very large and neglected estates on the other. 
The government of Prussia has of late been buying up some of these large 
estates, and selling out in small parcels. The result of its recent census shows 
the aggregate amount of land in farms, and the average size both of large and 
small farms. 
3 
Total acreage and average size of furms in Russia in 1816 and 1860. 
LARGE FARMS. SMALL FARMS. 
Provinces. 1860. 1816. 1860. 
Total acres. |Acres.| Total acres. |Acres. | Total acres. |Acres. 
LEGER eee ees 2,601,760 | 131 | 2,996,764 | 140 486, 975 16 
Prussia (proper) 22 55.-45.2 10, 104,887 | 121 | 10,176,410 | 120 503, 319 6 
Posen (Prussian Poland)-.-...| 3,374, 536 70 | 3,459, 678 71 299, 794 8 
Silesia,.:.° 5: Jeeee sees fa 8 4, 091, 847 50 | 4,692, 880 67 | 1,219, 450 5 
Branden bULow se eae ck se 2 5, 427,869 | 109) 5,639,171 110 431, 807 7 
DAaAxOny (CE TUssiaI) eee aoe 3, 907, 084 99°) 3,839,255 93 706, 187 6 
Westphalia)... uaa sce 3,990,450 | 111 | 3,629,573 | 101 | 1,186,994 12 
