251 
MANUFACTURE OF PERFUMERY. 
From an interesting paper upon the cultivation of flowers and the manufac- 
ture of perfumery at Nice, France, by Mr. A. O. Aldis, United States consul 
at that port, we learn that the export of perfumery from Nice, Grasse, and 
Cannes to the United States last year amounted to about $40,000. There are 
six or seven manufactories at Nice, the same number at Cannes, and at Grasse 
about sixty. These manufacturers supply perfumers in all quarters of the 
world. There is a distinction between the manufacturer and the perfumer. 
The business of the former is to extract from the flowers their essential oils. 
The perfumer buys these oils, pomades, and extracts, and compounds them in 
various ways. 
A warm, dry climate, sunshiny during the period that the flowers are in 
bloom, is best for the manufacture of perfumery. The climate and long winters 
of our northern and middle States forbid the prosecution of this business, but 
it may become profitable in the States bordering on the gulf of Mexico and in 
California. A few years since a French manufacturer had an establishment in 
Louisiana, but finding it unprofitable returned to France in 1841. 
Of all the fragrant flowers in the world only about twelve are used in the 
manufacture of perfumery, to wit: the violet, rose, orange flower, jasmine, tu- 
berose, cassie, Javender, thyme, rosemary, geraniums, jonquil, and fennel—of 
which the rose and the orange flower are the most valuable. Of the numerous 
varieties of rose only one is used, the Provence rose, single, pale pink, the most 
sweet-smelling of roses—not hardy, a temperature of 20° Fahrenheit destroy- 
ing the crop. 
My. Aldis encloses a paper by Mr. F. Warwick, of Nice, on the cultivation of 
flowers for perfumery, from which we quote : 
“The year commences with— 
“ Violets, double Parma.—These are usually cultivated beneath the orange 
trees. The ground ought to be well dug two feet deep with a forked spade. 
The best time of planting is about the first of April, immediately after the 
flowering has ended. Subdivide the old plant into five or six small bunches, or 
if you wish to preserve the original plant in its original place, merely take off 
the runners. Plant them in rows of nine or ten inches apart. As soon as they 
are fairly rooted they ought to have a good dressing of liquid manure, which 
should be repeated in December and January of each year. During the sum- 
mer they must be irrigated every ten or fifteen days. ‘The plantation should be 
renewed every five or six years. They begin to bloom in December. Picking 
for perfumery generally commences in February and ends the middle of April. 
« Jonquil is cultivated in a good soil, exposed to the sun; needs no irrigation. 
The flowers are picked in April. 
« Roses require a deep soil, exposed to the sun. The ground ought to be dug 
three feet deep. The off-shoots are taken with a small particle of root from the 
old plants and are planted in rows two feet from plant to plant in the row, and 
each row five feet apart. When planted out, cut them down, only leaving two 
ends above the ground. If the weather is dry, water them once after planting 
otherwise they do not require irrigating. The proper time for planting is from 
‘November to February. November is best on high, dry, and sloping ground, 
Once every year in January the ground should be well manured, dug with a 
forked instrument, and the superfluous off-shoots taken off to replant. ‘The 
branches ought then to be bent and fastened or festooned, one plant to another, 
and dry or stunted branches cut away. The ground ought to be well hoed and 
cleared of weeds in June. The better they are cared for the better they yield. 
Nothing should be planted or sown between the rows. After the first year they 
yield a small crop. A plant from two to four years old will yield from twelve: 
