appendix: El, KPHANT pipes and INSCKIBKI) tablets. 257 



the economic or ennobling arts. That the Mound-builders, although perhaps in a 

 less degiee, were also stationary=and agricultural, clearly appears from a variety of 

 facts and circumstances, most of which wHl no doubt recur to the mind of the 

 reader." * 



The position thus assumed by Squier and Davis was supported by 

 Prof. J. W. Foster, a recognized authority upon all archjeological ques- 

 tions, who, in his valuable work, made this emphatic statement of his 

 views with regard to the American Indian : 



"He was never known voluntarily to engage in an enterprise requiring method- 

 ical labor; he dwells in temporary and movable habitations; he follows the game in 

 their migrations; he imposes the drudgery of life upon his .squaw; he takes no heed 

 for the future. To suppose that such a race threw up the strong line of circuraval- 

 lations and the symmetrical mounds which crown so many of our river terraces, is 

 as preposterous, almost, as to suppose that they built the pyramids of Egypt. "t 



So, also, Lewis H. Morgan, in a series of most admirable papers, ex- 

 pressed the opmion that the Mound-builders were derived from the 

 Village-Indians of New Mexico, and advanced strong reason in support 

 of his conclusions, and, in the course of his discussion, remarked — 



"From the absence of all traditionary knowledge of the Mound-builders among 

 the tribes east of the Mississippi, an inference arises that the period of their occu* 

 pation was ancient. Their withdrawal was probably gradual, and completed before 

 the advent of the ancestors of the present tribes or simultaneously with their 

 arrival." J 



And in a careful and profound examination of this question from a 

 difterent stand-point, Prof. Alexander Winchell arrived at this con- 

 clusion : 



"After the personal comparison of Peruvian with authentic Mound-builders' 

 skulls from Michigan and Indiana, and others from dolmens and mounds in Central 

 Tennessee, I feel confident that the identity of the race of the Mound-builders with 

 the race of Anahuac and Peru will become fully recognized." § 



In the light of subsequent researches, a more recent statement was 

 made by Prof. F. W. Putnam, of the Peabody Museum, at the British 

 Association during its session at Montreal, which seems to strongly con- 

 firm the early conclusions of Squier and Davis. At this meeting Prof. 



♦Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. I., p. 301. 

 . t Prehistoric Races of the United States, p. 300. 



IJohnson's Cyclopedia, title, "Architecture of the American Aboriginees." "Montezuma's 

 Dinner," North America?i Reviezv, April, 1S76. "Homes of the Mound-Builders," North 

 American Reviezv, July, 1876. Major Powell well said of Mr. Morgan that he was "the pio- 

 neer of American anthropology, and recognized throughout the world as a leader in that science." 

 (Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, iSSo-Si, p. iS, Introductory.) 



§" Pre- Adamites," by Alexander Winchell, pp. },},C), 340. 



