410 Misce/hnieous Inte/Zigeiice. 



a gold medal of 300 francs value ; to be adjudged in March, 

 1822. The essays to be sent in by January 1, 1822. 



3. The Societe Medicale d'Emulation proposes the following 

 prize question : the memoirs, written in French or Latin, are to 

 be sent before August 31, 1822, to the Secrciaire-ghicrale, at 

 Paris. The value of the prize is 500 francs. 



" What are the disposition and structure of the system of 

 organs called the nervous ganglions of the organic life, sym- 

 pathetic nerve, great intercostal, trisplanchnique, Sfc. ?" 

 " What are the functions of this system of organs ?" 

 " And, as far as is known, what are the diseases in which 

 it is essentially affected :" 



4. The Helvetic Society of Natural Sciences have proposed 

 the following prize question for the years 1822 and 1823: To 

 collect exact and well-observed facts, on the increase and 

 diminution of the glaciers in the different parts of the Alps, 

 on the deterioration or amelioration of their pasturages, and 

 on the former and present state of the forests." It will be suf- 

 ficient if the authors treat only of a determined part of the 

 Alps. Memoirs to be given in before the 1st of January 1823. 

 Prize 300 livres. 



5. The Society of Sciences and Arts of Utrecht has an- 

 nounced the following question for competition ; " Are there 

 characteristic signs sufficient to distinguish always with cer- 

 tainty, the true cancers from other maladies which resemble it? 

 If so, what are these signs ? Ought this malady to be considered 

 as the effect of an indisposition of the whole body, or as only 

 local ? If it is to be considered as an indisposition of the whole 

 body, can external remedies, whether amputation, or the remedy 

 applied by the religious of the convent of Rus, or the corrosive 

 remedies, especially arsenic, contribute to the cure or the al- 

 leviation of the malady ? or ought they to be considered as all 

 equally hurtful ? When the malady has not yet the characteristic 

 signs of true cancer, but when there is reason to fear it may 

 become so, and when it may as yet be considered as a local 

 evil, what external remedies may then be applied with sound 

 hope of success ? and what are those which should be consi- 

 dered as hurtful ?" 



6. Another question, by the same body, is as follows : '* Can 

 we, by surveying any particular part of the body of an animal 

 that we have not had an opportunity of observing in life, con- 

 clude, with certainty, what use it made of that part; so that 

 we may look on this principle of final causes, not only as an 

 useful principle, but as always a sure guide in the natural history 

 •jf the animal kiiiu,dom T 



