PAMMEL NOTES ON GRASSES OF NEBRASKA, ETC. 233 



wooded areas are marked by a fine growth of Stipa Columbiana , Fes- 

 tuca Kingii, and Melica stihulata. The highest j^oints of these hills 

 are covered with Finns flexilis, P. Murrayana, and on the limestone 

 OM\.cxQ\i% Junipenis virginiana. One of the most striking features of 

 the region are the large parks — the paradise of the ranchmen. Fes- 

 tuca nevadensis, Elymus giaiicns, Stipa Columbiana and 6*. Nelsoni 

 grow abundantly. One of the most striking features of the first park 

 on the Dome Lake road are the Geraniums. Acres and acres are cov- 

 ered with Geranium Fremontii and Polygonium bisforta. Much of the 

 region beyond as far as Rapid Creek is covered with Pinus Murray- 

 ana. Large areas here have never been burned and consist of mag- 

 nificent forests of this species. 



In the Rapid Creek region a fine series of parks prevail, with nar- 

 row canons leading into the adjacent mountains. The most abundant 

 grasses of the park region are Fcstuca rubra, Koeleria cristata, Agropyron 

 spicatum \2.x. molle. In moister places \}[\t A. pseudo-npens \% iouxid,. 

 The narrow canons are mostly boggy in their character. Here the 

 Engelmann Spruce (^Picea Engelmanni) is accompanied by such 

 plants as Moneses uniflora, Pyrola rotmidifolia, and Heucherapentanara. 

 Such grasses as Poa leptocoma, P. IVheeleri, P. arctica, species that 

 have become habituated to the cold conditions prevailing in these 

 bogs, occur. Aside from these cold bogs there are numerous wet 

 marshes near the stream which are devoid of trees and shrubs. Here 

 may be found Savastana odorata, Dodecatheon Meadia, Allium schoeno- 

 prasum, Thalictrum sparsiflorum, Myosotis sylvatica var. alpestris, and 

 along the edge of the stream Mertensia sibirica. The Dome Lake 

 region, with an altitude of from 8,800 to 9,500, is chiefly characterized 

 by the numerous moraines. Here are to be found the characteristic 

 rounded boulders of all sizes. One is agreeably surprised when the 

 moraines are ascended to find a lake or a pond on the other side, 

 nearly all without outlets. These lakes vary considerably in size ; 

 some are less than an acre in extent, others of considerable size as 

 Dome Lake, which is partially artificial. These lakes occur without 

 reference to the drainage of the streams in their proximity. In one 

 instance a lake less than an acre in extent occurred near the very edge 

 of the Goose River, one hundred and fifty feet above. The plant 

 atoll may here be studied in all phases of its development. One of 

 the most picturesque scenes in the entire region is the deep cut made 

 through the archaean rocks and moraine, where a branch of the Goose 



