22 NOTICES OF THE MEETINGS {Feb. 21, 
of being considered inferior, are preferred by many to candles made 
of wax. They are made by pouring the melted material into pewter 
moulds in which platted wicks are first inserted, and retained 
securely in the centre of the moulds. Other candles are also made 
of mixtures of wax and spermaceti, called Composition candles. 
Mr. Carpmael next called attention to the manufacture of Tallow 
candles,—‘‘dips”’ and ‘‘ moulds.” The former are made, as is 
generally known, by suspending several wicks a short distance apart 
(each consisting of several cotton yarns) on a rod; the wicks are 
dipped several times into melted tallow; the coats thus taken up 
are allowed to cool and set. The mould candles are produced by 
pouring the melted tallow into pewter moulds in which proper 
wicks (each of several cotton yarns) are first fixed centrally. These 
wicks require snufing. A great improvement was some years back 
introduced into this manufacture by employing cords of cotton as 
wicks, which are coiled spirally round wires. The wires and the 
coiled wicks are introduced into moulds, and the wires are withdrawn 
when the tallow is set. These candles will, however, only burn in 
lamps, the turning out of the wicks melting the candles down on one 
side. This improvement introduced a new manufacture of lamps 
called Candle-lamps, which of late years have greatly increased in 
use; Various sizes of candles being now made, some having as many 
as four wicks, and suitable for large table lamps. This manufacture 
has been greatly improved by the introduction of several means of 
making wicks which will turn out of the flame, and yet will admit 
of being introduced in a straight line within a candle. Attention 
was called to several descriptions of wicks for this purpose: they all 
act, however, on one principle, that of having a preponderance of 
strength on one side, which may be done in a great variety of ways. 
One of the most simple is the ruling of a line on one side with paste, 
which gives additional stiffness or strength to that one side, and such 
wicks in burning turn out of the flames. Following out this prin- 
ciple, the wicks may be modified to suit the various requirements of 
the different materials employed in candle-making, each of which 
requires a different character of wick. This was shown by several 
candles being burned having wicks slightly differing from those 
which were best for each particular case, proving that great observa- 
tion and skill is requisite in the manufacturer in order to adjust the 
material and wick to each other in every case. Attention was 
also called to the fact, that up to the present time manufacturers have 
not been able to employ platted wicks in wax candles or tallow 
candles. 
Ordinarily in making mould candles the wicks are placed by hand 
into the moulds, and the same are retained fast therein by pegs at one 
end and by wires at the other. A great improvement has been 
introduced into this part of the mechanical processes, by causing the 
candles as they are discharged from the moulds to draw fresh wicks 
into the moulds; and on the candles being then cut off from the 
