64 



The dip of the strata, throughout the entire division of the 

 red sand stone of the district, is in general South-Easterly. 

 There are, however, exceptions to this arrangement in the 

 ridges where anticlinal lines occur, such as at Storton Hill, 

 •where the dip on hoth sides of the axis is nearly the same ; 

 still the general rule of the dip -will apply to the strata of 

 the district which is about 7° from the horizon to the South 

 East. 



The drainage in the mass of the strata is in the direction 

 of the dip, viz., to the South East. Consequently, on the 

 Eastern line of boundary, between the new red sand stone 

 and the coal measures, is the most favourable position for 

 obtaining the greatest supply of water by Artesian or other 

 subterranean excavations in the rocks. 



I have now to draw your attention to the effect of 

 another agent that came into operation upon the strata, pro- 

 bably at the period of their elevation, and which is observable 

 in all the ridges of the district, viz., denudation by water. 

 At Thingwell Mill, at Storton Hill, Flaybrick, and Bidstone 

 Hills, Yellow Noses, &c, at New Brighton, and on this side 

 of the Mersey, from the South- end of the town through St. 

 James' Cemetery, along Myrtle-street, at the foundation of 

 the new Music Hall, Hope-street, along by Oxford-street, 

 King's Monument, West of the Collegiate Institution, 

 through the North-end of Scotland-road, Bank-hall quar- 

 ries, above Bootle, thence to Maghull, the whole of the upper 

 red subdivision over these parts must have been entirely 

 washed away. This process of denudation, on the inclined 

 and upraised strata, left them in a favourable condition for the 

 reception of the atmospheric water ; but a subsequent change, 

 apparently in the relations of sea and land, produced another 

 condition of an opposite character, which I will shortly 

 bring under your notice. 



The physical or mechanical structure of the strata, as 

 you all know, is that of quartz, in small and large grains, 



