14 



" A much smaller quantity is required to produce the effect ; 

 it is, therefore, more portable and transmissible than ether, 

 and though more costly, from the smallness of the quantity 

 required, will probably be less expensive. 



"Its smell is pleasant, and does not remain attached to 

 the clothes of the operator, or exhale in a disagreeable form 

 from the lungs of the patient, as so generally happens with 

 ether. 



' ' Its action is more rapid and complete, and generally more 

 persistent, so that the surgeon's time is saved. 



" Most of those who have breathed both declare, that the 

 inhalation and influence of cldoroform are much more pleasant 

 and agreeable than those of ether. 



"The quantity required to produce insensibibty is from 

 fifty to one hundred drops generally, more or less. It is 

 applied by pouring it into a hollow sponge or a pocket-hand- 

 kerchief, and holding it over the mouth and nostrils, not too 

 closely at first, so that the vapour may be fully inhaled. 



" It would be out of place here to go into a detail of the 

 phenomena produced by the inhalation of these agents, or a 

 minute examination of cases. I shall, therefore, only briefly 

 mention what may be most generally useful and interesting. 



" The most essential point in the administration of these 

 agents is to know when it has been carried far enough. Their 

 effects vary with the quantity of vapour inhaled, and have been 

 divided by Dr. Snow, in his treatise on ether inhalation, into 

 five degrees. These run gradually into each other, and are 

 not always clearly to be distinguished, but may be described 

 as follows : — 



" In the first degree the person retains a correct conscious- 

 ness of where he is, and what is occurring around him, and 

 a capacity to direct Ids voluntary movements; the feelings are 

 usually agreeable, often highly so; but tins is not a proper 

 state for performing operations. In the second degree 

 mental functions may be exercised and voluntary actions per- 



